Revision Notes for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 4 Food Security in India
Chapter 4 Food Security in India NCERT Notes
Chapter Name | Food Security Notes |
Class | CBSE Class 9 |
Textbook Name | Economics Class 9 |
Related Readings |
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Why Food Security?
- The poorest section of the society remains food insecure all the times.
- People above poverty line might also feel food insecure in times of natur calamity like earthquake, drought, flood, tsunami etc.
How calamities affect food security?
- Due to natural calamities the production of crops decreases which led to food scarcity in that area.
- Due to scarcity food price rises up,
- at this point some disadvantaged section of society will be deprived of food,
- if the calamity existed for long time it will eventually lead to starvation and famine.
- it may ultimately lead to widespread death due to weakness or weak immune system.
Who are food-insecure?
- People with little or no land, traditional artisans, providers of traditional services, petty self-employed workers and destitutes including beggars are the main sufferers of food and nutrition insecurity.
- In urban areas people employed for low wages and in the casual labour market are major victims.
- A large proportion of pregnant and nursing mothers and children under 5 years of age suffer from malnutrition and are thus, food insecure.
- Economically backward states are more prone to natural disasters etc. are also affected.
- Since independence, India has aimed to achieve ‘Self Sufficiency in Foodgrains’.
- So the Green Revolution was the result of a strategy implemented after independence.
Dimensions of Food Security in India
Availability
- Food production within the country.
- Import
- Stock stored in government granaries.
- Food within the reach of every person.
Affordability
- Enough food is available for all person.
- Persons have capacity to buy food of acceptable quality.
- There is no barrier on access of food.
Food Insecure group in Urban Areas
- Person employed in ill-paid occupations.
- Casual labour
Food Insecurity in Social Composition
- Schedule Castes
- Schedule Tribes
- OBCS
- Migrants
- Female
- New born babies
Food Insecure groups in Rural Areas
- Traditional artisans (Weavers, potters etc.)
- Petty Self employed.
- Providers of Services (Barbers, Washer men)
- Destitude
- Small and landless farmers
Hunger
- Hunger is an aspect of not just indicating food insecurity and poverty but also brings poverty.
- The attainment of food security involves eliminating current hunger and reducing the risk of future hunger.
Hunger has chronic and seasonal dimensions
- Poor people suffer from chronic hunger due to very low income and are food insecure all the times.
- In rural areas Seasonal hunger is caused by the seasonal nature of agricultural activities.
- In urban areas, seasonal hunger occurs because of the casual type of work like construction worker won’t get work during rainy season.
Need for self-sufficiency in food grains
- To feed rising population.
- To fight against droughts, floods, cyclone, etc.
- To reduce import of food grains.
- To control prices of food grains.
Steps Taken by Government of India for food Security
- Buffer Stock
- Minimum Support Price
- Issue Price
- Subsidy
- Rationing
- Public Distribution System
- Fair price shops
Buffer Stock
- Buffer Stock is the stock of food grains (wheat and rice) procured by the government through the Food Corporation of India (FCI).
Minimum Support Price’ (MSP)
- The FCI purchases wheat and rice for the government from the farmers of surplus states at pre-announced prices. This price is called ‘Minimum Support Price’ (MSP).
Issue Price
- The grains stored in Buffer Stocks are distributed in deficit areas and among the poor strata of society at a price lower than the market price known as Issue Price.
Subsidy
- Subsidy is a payment that a government makes to a producer to supplement the market price of a commodity . It keeps consumer prices low while maintain a higher income for producers.
Rationing
- Rationing in India dates back to 1940’s against the backdrop of Bengal famine , but was revived in the wake of acute food shortage during 1960’s before Green Revolution.
The Role of Cooperative in Food Security
- The cooperative societies set up shops to sell low priced goods to poor people.
- In Delhi, Mother Dairy is making strides in providing of milk and vegetables to the consumers at controlled rate decided by Government of Delhi.
- Amul is another success story of cooperative in milk and milk Products from Gujarat. It has brought the White Revolution in country.
- In Maharashtra, Academy of Developmental Science (ADS) has facilitated a network of NGOS for setting up grain banks in different regions.