NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes Class 6 Geography
Globes are spherical figures representing the earth in miniature. Using it, we can see distances, directions, areas, etc., on the whole planet in three dimensions. A line around which something rotates or spins is called an axis. Objects have North and South Poles at the points where axes bisect their surfaces. A line running across the globe, the Equator, divides the globe into two equal parts. A northern hemisphere is called the northern hemisphere, while a southern hemisphere is called the southern hemisphere. Parallel latitudes are all circles that are parallel from the equator to the poles. A latitude is measured in degrees. A zero-degree latitude represented by the equator. Longitudes are imaginary lines that cut through the North and South Poles. Distances around the Earth are measured from the prime meridian, a line of 0° longitude. Indian longitude 82 1/2° E (82° 30' E) is considered to be the standard meridian. A meridian's local time is taken as the national standard time. It is also called Indian Standard Time (IST).
Chapter Name | Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes NCERT Solutions |
Class | CBSE Class 6 |
Textbook Name | Geography |
Related Readings |
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Question 1 A: What is the true shape of the earth?
Answer
The Earth is not a sphere. It is slightly flattened at the
North and the South Poles and bulge in the middle. Such shape is known as a
Geoid.
Question 1 B: What is a globe?
Answer
Globe is the true miniature model of the Earth. It depicts the actual shape and size of the earth in a smaller form. All the continents and water bodies are marked in their actual sizes on a globe.
Question 1 C: What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic
of Cancer?
Answer
Latitudinal value of Tropic of cancer is 231/2° N. The
Tropic of Cancer is also called the Northern Tropic. The Tropic of Cancer
passes through 16 countries including India.
Question 1 D: What are the three heat zones of the Earth?
Answer
The three heat zones are:
i. Torrid Zone- The mid-day sun is exactly overhead
at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and
Tropic of Capricorn. These areas, therefore, receive maximum heat and are
called the Torrid Zone.
ii. Temperate Zone- The mid-day sun never shines
overhead on any latitude beyond the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of
Capricorn. The angle of sun rays goes on decreasing towards the poles. As such,
the areas bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the northern
hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle in the southern
hemisphere have moderate temperatures. These areas,
iii. Frigid Zone- Areas lying between the Arctic
Circle and the North Pole in the Northern hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle
and the South Pole in the Southern hemisphere are very cold. It is because here
the sun does not rise much above the horizon. Therefore, its rays are always
slanting and provide less heat. These areas, therefore, called Frigid zones.
Question 1 E: What are parallels of latitude and
meridians of longitude?
Answer
Parallels of latitudes -The equator divides the earth
into two equal halves. Therefore, the equator is an imaginary circular line and
is a very important reference point to locate places on the earth. The parallel
circles from the equator to the poles are called the parallels of latitudes.
The Latitudes are measured in degrees.
Meridians of longitudes- To fix the position of a
place, it is necessary to know something more than the latitude of that place.
In order to locate a place precisely, it is important to find out how far east
or west such place is from a given line of reference running from the North
Pole to the South Pole. These lines of references are called meridian of
longitudes.
Question 1 F: Why does the Torrid Zone receive maximum
amount of heat?
Answer
The Torrid Zone receives the maximum heat when the mid-day
sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the
Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Question 1 G: Why is it 5.30 p.m. in India and 12.00 noon
in London?
Answer
India is located east of Greenwich at 82°30'E is 5 hours and
30 minutes ahead of GMT. So it will be 7:30 p.m. in India when it is 2:00 p.m.
noon in London.
Question 2 A: Tick the correct answer.
The value of the prime meridian is
A. 90°
B. 0°
C. 60°
Answer
Unlike latitudes, all meridians are of equal length. Hence,
all countries have decided that the count should begin from the meridian that
passes through Greenwich, where the British Royal observatory is located. This
meridian is called the Prime Meridian.
Question 2 B: Tick the correct answer.
The Frigid Zone lies near
A. The Poles
B. The Equator
C. The Tropic of Cancer
Answer
The Frigid Zones are the coldest regions on the Earth and
are usually covered with ice and snow.
Question 2 C: Tick the correct answer.
The total number of longitudes are
A. 360
B. 180
C. 90
Answer
The total number of longitudes is 180+180+1(0° Prime
Meridian)- 1(180E and 180W are same longitudes) = 360. There are total 180 west
longitudes and 180 east longitudes. The 180E and 180W longitude is the same
longitude and hence, we have subtracted 1 from 360. The 0° longitude, which is
called the Prime Meridian is added to the total count making it 360.
Question 2 D: Tick the correct answer.
The Antarctic Circle is located in
A. The Northern hemisphere
B. The Southern hemisphere
C. The Eastern hemisphere
Answer
The Antarctic Circle is one of the most important latitude
of the Earth and is located at 66° south of the Equator.
Question 2 E: Tick the correct answer.
Grid is a network of
A. Parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes
B. The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
C. The North Pole and the South Pole
Answer
Since a grid is a network of parallels of latitudes and
meridians of longitudes, it is used to measure the accurate position of any
place on the surface of the earth. Grid pinpoints the location of a place with
the help of latitudes and longitudes.
Question 3: Fill in the blanks.
(a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at ______.
(b) The Standard Meridian of India is _______.
(c) The 0° Meridian is also known as _______.
(d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards
________.
(e) The Arctic Circle is located in the ________ hemisphere.
Answer
(a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at 23 1/2° S.
The Tropic of Cancer is one of the major latitudes of the
earth lying in the Northern Hemisphere.
(b) The Standard Meridian of India is 82°30' E Longitude.
The local time of places which are on different meridians is
bound to differ. It is difficult to prepare time-table of trains which cross
several longitudes. In India, there is a time difference of 1 hour 45 minutes
in the local time of Dwarka in Gujarat and Dibrugarh in Assam. Therefore, it is
necessary to adopt the local time of some central meridian of the country as
the standard meridian.
(c) The 0° Meridian is also known as Prime Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is an imaginary line runs through France,
Western Africa, The United Kingdom, Spain, and Antarctica. With the help of the
Equator and Prime Meridian, the earth can be divided into four hemispheres.
(d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards
poles.
At the equator, the distance between 15 and 30° W longitudes
is quite a lot, but as we move toward the poles this distance shrinks and
eventually shrinks down to zero. This distance is shortest at the Poles because
the all the meridians meet here.
(e) The Arctic Circle is located in the northern hemisphere.
The Arctic Circle is an important parallel of latitude and is located at 66° north of the equator.