NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources (MCQ, SAQ and LAQ)
Chapter Name | NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 9 Science Ch 15 Improvement in Food Resources |
Topics Covered |
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Related Study |
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Objective Type Questions for Improvement in Food Resources
1. Which one is an oil yielding plant among the following?
(a) Lentil
(b) Sunflower
(c) Cauliflower
(d) Hibiscus
Solution
(b) Sunflower
2. Which one is not a source of carbohydrate?
(a) Rice
(b) Millets
(c) Sorghum
(d) Gram
Solution
(d) Gram
3. Find out the wrong statement from the following :
(a) White revolution is meant for increase in milk production
(b) Blue revolution is meant for increase in fish production
(c) Increasing food production without compromising with environmental quality is called as sustainable agriculture
(d) None of the above
Solution
(d) None of the above
4. To solve the food problem of the country, which among the following is necessary?
(a) Increased production and storage of food grains
(b) Easy access of people to the food grain
(c) People should have money to purchase the grains
(d) All of the above
Solution
(d) All of the above
5. Find out the correct sentence :
(i) Hybridisation means crossing between genetically dissimilar plants
(ii) Cross between two varieties is called as inter- specific hybridisation
(iii) Introducing genes of desired character into a plant gives genetically modified crop
(iv) Cross between plants of two species is called as inter-varietal hybridisation
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Solution
(a) (i) and (iii)
6. Weeds affect the crop plants by :
(a) killing of plants in field before they grow
(b) dominating the plants to grow
(c) competing for various resources of crops (plants) causing low availability of nutrients
(d) All of the above
Solution
(c) competing for various resources of crops (plants) causing low availability of nutrients
7. Which one of the following species of honey bee is an Italian species?
(a) Apis dorsata
(b) Apis florae
(c) Apis cerana indica
(d) Apis mellifera
Solution
(d) Apis mellifera
8. Find out the correct sentence about manure :
(i) Manure contains large quantities of organic matter and small quantities of nutrients.
(ii) It increases the water holding capacity of sandy soil.
(iii) It helps in draining out of excess of water from clayey soil.
(iv) Its excessive use pollutes environment because it is made of animal excretory waste.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Solution
(b) (i) and (ii)
9. Cattle husbandry is done for the following purposes :
(i) Milk production
(ii) Agricultural work
(iii) Meat production
(iv) Egg production
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Solution
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
10. Which of the following are Indian cattle?
(i) Bos indicus
(ii) Bos domestics
(iii) Bos bubalis
(iv) Bos vulgaris
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Solution
(a) (i) and (iii)
11. Which of the following are exotic breeds?
(i) Brawn
(ii) Jersey
(iii) Brown Swiss
(iv) Jersey Swiss
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Solution
(b) (ii) and (iii)
12. Poultry farming is undertaken to raise following :
(i) Egg production
(ii) Feather production
(iii) Chicken meat
(iv) Milk production
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Solution
(a) (i) and (iii)
13. Poultry fowl are susceptible to the following pathogens:
(a) Viruses
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) All of these
Solution
(d) All of these
14. Which one of the following fishes is a surface feeder?
(a) Rohus
(b) Mrigals
(c) Common carps
(d) Catlas
Solution
(d) Catlas
15. Animal husbandry is the scientific management of :
(i) animal breeding
(ii) culture of animals
(iii) animal livestock
(iv) rearing of animals
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Solution
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
16. Which one of the following nutrients is not available in fertilizers?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Phosphorus
(c) Iron
(d) Potassium
Solution
(c) Iron
17. Preventive and control measures adopted for the storage of grains include :
(a) strict cleaning
(b) proper disjoining
(c) fumigation
(d) All of these
Solution
(d) All of these
Short Answer Questions for Improvement in Food Resources
18. Match the column A with the column B
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Column (A) |
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Column (B) |
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(a) |
Catla |
(i) |
Middle – zone – feeders |
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(b) |
Rohu |
(ii) |
Bottom feeders |
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(c) |
Mrigal |
(iii) |
Surface feeders |
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(d) |
Fish farming |
(iv) |
Culture fishery |
Solution
(a) – (ii)
(b) – (iii)
(c) – (i)
(d) – (iv)
19. Fill in the blanks :
(a) Pigeon pea is a good source of _____
(b) Berseem is an important _____ crop.
(c) The crops which are grown in rainy season are called _____ crops.
(d) _____ are rich in vitamins.
(e) _____ crop grows in winter season.
Solution
(a) protein
(b) fodder
(c) kharif
(d) Vegetable
(e) Rabi
20. What is a GM crop? Name any one such crop which is grown in India.
Solution
GM crops are the crops which have been developed by the introduction of a new gene with a desired trait from a bacterium, with the help of a vector to modify/improve the crop’s original characters. These are well known as genetically modified crops. E.g. : BT cotton which is a GM crop was developed by the introduction of a new gene.
21. List out some useful traits in improved crop.
Solution
- Yield is improved to a high level.
- Resistance developed from biotic and abiotic stresses.
- Disease resistance is developed.
- Enhanced nutritional qualities.
- Adaptabilities were improved in the crop.
- Desired agronomic characteristics were developed. e.g. improved shelf life, more pulpiness, seedless, etc.
22. Why is organic matter important for crop production?
Solution
The importance of organic matter for crop production are :
- Soil fertility will be improved.
- It enhances soil structure and porosity in soil.
- It also helps in improving water holding capabilities in sand cultivation.
- Organic matter also helps in improving drainage.
- Water logging problems in clay soil will also be improved.
23. Why is excess use of fertilizers detrimental for environment?
Solution
Excess use of fertilizers is detrimental for environment because when used in excess quantities, the residual and unused part is left behind. This can result in the development of pollution by contaminating water, air, and soil present in the surrounding.
24. Give one word for the following :
(a) Farming without the use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides is known as _____
(b) Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called as _____
(c) Planting soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called as _____
(d) Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre- planned succession is known as _____
(e) Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as _____
(f) Causal organism of any disease is called as _____
Solution
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(a) organic farming |
(b) mixed cropping |
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(c) inter Cropping |
(d) crop rotation |
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(e) weeds |
(f) pathogen |
25. Match the following A and B :
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Column (A) |
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Column (B) |
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(a) |
Cattle used for tilling and carting |
(i) |
Local breed of cattle animals |
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(b) |
Indian breed of chicken |
(ii) |
Broiler |
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(c) |
Sahiwal, Red Sindhi |
(iii) |
Milk producing female |
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(d) |
Mulch |
(iv) |
Drought |
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(e) |
Chicken better fed fro obtaining meat |
(v) |
Aseel |
Solution
(a) – (iii)
(b) – (v)
(c) – (iv)
(d) – (i)
(e) – (ii)
26. If there is low rainfall in a village throughout the year, what measures will you suggest to the farmers for better cropping ?
Solution
The village needs to take necessary measure responsible for water conservation. Some suggestions which could be helpful :
- Use of organic manure and humus increases the water holding capacity of soil for longer time period.
- Cultivating drought resistant and early maturing crops.
- Constructing short canals from rivers.
- Building rain water storage tanks.
27. Group the following and tabulate them as energy yielding, protein yielding, oil yielding and fodder crop. Wheat, rice, berseem, maize, gram, oat, pigeon gram, Sudan grass, lentil, soyabean, groundnut, castor and mustard.
Solution
- Energy yielding : wheat, rice, maize
- Protein yielding : pigeon gram, lentil, soyabean
- Oil yielding : groundnut, castor, mustard, soyabean
- Fodder crops : barseem, oat, Sudan grass.
28. Define the term hybridization and photoperiod.
Solution
Hybridization refers to the cross breeding of two genetically dissimilar organisms to produce a hybrid crop consisting of two different traits. Photoperiod is the duration of sunlight which is available to the plant. This affects growth of plant, flowering, and maturation of crops.
29. Fill in the blanks :
(a) Photoperiod affect the _____
(b) Kharif crops are cultivated from _____ to _____
(c) Rabi crops are cultivated from _____ to_____
(d) Paddy, maize, green gram and black gram are _____ crops.
(e) Wheat, gram, pea, mustard are _____ crops.
Solution
(a) flowering in plants
(b) June to October
(c) November to April
(d) Kharif
(e) Rabi
30. Cultivation practices and crop yield are related to environmental condition. Explain.
Solution
Various crops require different conditions for cultivation such as climate, temperature, photoperiod, etc. for their proper growth and life cycle completion. Few crops have the nature to grow only in rainy season (Kharif), or only in winters (Rabi crops). This shows that the cultivation requirements and environmental conditions differ for all variety of crops.
31. Fill in the blanks :
(a) A total of _____ nutrients are essential to plants.
(b) _____ and _____ are supplied by air to plants.
(c) _____ is supplied by water to plants.
(d) Soil supply ____ nutrients to plants.
(e) _____ nutrients are required in large quantity and called as _____
(f) _____ nutrients are needed in small quantity for plants and are called _____
Solution
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(a) 16 |
(b) Carbon, oxygen |
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(c) Hydrogen |
(d) 13 |
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(e) Six, macronutrients |
(f)Seven, micronutrients |
32. Differentiate between compost and vermicompost.
Solution
Compost formation is the process in which decomposition of the organic wastes takes place to produce manures. Vermi-compost is the degradation of organic matter present in waste to produce manures with the help of earthworms.
33. Arrange these statements in correct sequence of preparation of green manure.
(a) Green plants are decomposed in soil.
(b) Green plants are cultivated for preparing manure or crop plant parts are used.
(c) Plants are ploughed and mixed into the soil.
(d) After decomposition it becomes green manure.
Solution
(b)-(c)-(a)-(d)
34. An Italian bee variety A. mellifera has been introduced in India for honey production. Write about its merits over other varieties.
Solution
The merits of Italian bee variety (A. mellifera) are as follows :
- It is basically docile and stings are absent.
- It has high honey yielding capacity.
- It has the property of homely, i.e. it stays in the beehive only.
- It breeds well and has no difficulties.
35. In agricultural practices, higher input gives higher yield. Discuss, how?
Solution
The statement that ‘in agriculture, high input means high yield’ shows that if more money is invested using good farming practices and high technology then good productive yields will be generated. The purchase of good quality seeds, effective pesticides, fertilizers and manures, allow good cropping system of productivity.
Long Answer Questions for Improvement in Food Resources
36. Discuss the role of hybridisation in crop improvement.
Solution
Hybridization refers to the crossing of genetically two dissimilar plants. Inter-varietal, intra-varietal, inter- specific, and inter-generic are the various types of hybridization methods. To obtain a new crop having all the desired characters of both the crops, the crops with desired characters are selected and cross breeding is done. This method not only improves the crop variety as well as disease resistance, stress resistance, crop quality, etc.
(i) Vermicompost
(ii) Green manure
(iii) Bio-fertilizer
Solution
(i) Vermicomposts : These are the products obtained by the process of composting using various earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposed vegetables.
(iii) Bio-fertilizers : Substances which utilize microorganisms to enhance plant growth and nutrient absorption from soil (e.g. blue green algae are effective for nitrogen fixation in soil and rice fields).
38. Discuss various methods for weed control.
Solution
The various modes of controlling weeds are as follows:
- Hand pulling
- Proper seedling process
- Intercropping and crop rotation timely
- Use of herbicides
39. Differentiate between the following :
(i) Capture fishery and Culture fishery
(ii) Mixed cropping and Inter cropping
(iii) Bee-keeping and Poultry farming
Solution
(i) Capture fishery is the method used to obtain fishes from natural resources whereas culture fishery is the method by which fishes can, be obtained through fish farming.
(ii) Mixed cropping is the method of growing two or more crops simultaneously within the same land piece whereas the inter-cropping is a method of growing two or more crops in the same land but with definite division of growing area, i.e. divided into equal rows.
40. Give the merits and demerits of fish culture.
Solution
Merits of Fish Culture :
- Large quantities of desired fishes can be generated
- Profit earning mode of employment when pain is less than cattle rearing
- Aquaculture has proved to safe and good source of employment
- Produces healthy and disease free fishes
- High yield despite of small area covered
- The natural food chain is not hampered with the increase in population.
- Only economically valued fishes are cultured
- Continuous supply of freshwater is required
- Maintenance of natural habitat is desired
- Uses of distinct disinfectants are required for diverse variety of fishes
- The target is to grow only a few variety of fishes which could be a threat to biodiversity
41. What do you understand by composite fish culture?
Solution
Composite fish culturing is a method in which 5 or 6 different species including both the indigenous and exotic fishes are cultured together in a single pond. The species are selected in such a way that they have not to compete for food among themselves. As a result more variety of fishes can be grown together within the same land area with different food habitats. The combination of all these variety of fishes in a single fish pond will be beneficial for the production of variety of fishes. For example : Catlas are the surface feeders, Rohus are the middle zone feeders, Mrigals and Common Carps are bottom feeders, and the Grass Carp usually feeds on the aquatic weeds.
42. Why bee-keeping should be done in good pasturage?
Solution
Bee-keeping is known as apiculture. It is generally advised to have good pasturage becsuse it provides more quantity and quality of nectar for honey to honeybee. Some good nectar producing plants are like tamerind, morings, neem, eucalyptus, etc. Plants which are like roses, coconut, castor, pomegranate, maize, sorghum and date palm, etc. are sources of pollens. Few plants like banana, peach, citrus, guava, sunflower, berries mango plum, etc. are good sources of both nectar and pollen.
43. Write the modes by which insects affect the crop yield.
Solution
There are various parts of plant bodies for insects which can be leaves, flowers, fruits and stems. They cause damage to the plant body and even to the fruits. Thus, this leads to heavy loss for farmers and cultivators. The various ways through which insects can damage crops are as follows :
- Cutting off plant parts through biting and chewing of stems and leaves of a plant.
- Cell sap suction through creating a hole and then sucking or entering in the stem.
- Few insects feed on the secondary products deposited on tree trunk or insects living on plant stems creating damage to the surface.
- They could also act as disease vectors transmitting to the plants and further to consumers.
- This will lead to the production of unhealthy crop.
- The presence of insects on plant bodies also attracts population of birds causing damage to agriculture.
- Insects like bees have a tendency to fly surrounding the ripened fruits.
44. Discuss why pesticides are used in very accurate concentration and in very appropriate manner?
Solution
Substances used for the destruction of insects or other organisms harmful for the cultivated agricultural fields are known as pesticides. Pesticides should be used in accurate concentration and in an appropriate manner since it is harmful for the environment and human beings. As pesticides are highly toxic in nature, it is mainly cancer causing for human beings.
- Water pollution: The runoff water from the fields through rain or the drainage system of field causes harm to the surrounding. Mixing of this water to the nearby water bodies can affect the aquatic ecosystem and the edible source of water for the society. This could be hazardous for human health.
- Air pollution: When the suspended particles are carried away by wind to other areas it contributes in the contamination of those areas as well. This contamination could lead to air borne diseases.
- Soil pollution: The pesticide works has its adverse effects on the biodiversity of soil as well as in depleting its nourishment capability. The accumulation of chemical substances and the percolated or leached particles inside the soil of distance areas can lead to various diseases affecting the other habitats.
- Biodiversity: The affected species can develop resistance through the repeated application of pesticides. Also, the degree of chemical toxin present in the pesticide can kill other microorganisms and animals (insects, birds, and grazing animals) found in the farmland.
- Human health hazards: Wide ranges of impacts were observed including both short term and long term disasters. The type of sufferings depends on the type of pesticide usage. They can be acute dangers (such as skin and eye allergies, headache, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, etc.) and chronic symptoms (such as cancer, reproductive damage, endocrine disruption, etc.).
45. Name two types of animal feed and write their functions.
Solution
Livestock feeds are the feeds which provide the basic nutrients required by the animals along with the various nutrient supplements beneficial for their growth and development. These supplements include nutrients like macro, micro, minerals, vitamins, proteins, and amino acids. The two types of animal feeds are as follows:
- Roughage is known as the dietary fibres which are responsible for the production of high energy and is a good source of protein. In industries where milk production and meat production are focused, the animals are fed with high roughage content. It induces more milk production and helps the animals to gain good weight.
- Concentrates are those feeds which includes high density of various important nutrients required for energy generation. These are mainly low in crude fibre content and high digestible contents like that of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and micro and macro- nutrients. These help in healthy production of cattle products.
46. What would happen if poultry birds are larger in size and have no summer adaptation capacity? In order to get small sized poultry birds, having summer adaptability, what method will be employed?
Solution
Egg production is directly influenced by the temperature maintenance of poultry birds. Increased bird size will reduce the adaptability of bird due to its increased surface area. Therefore, to obtain smaller sized birds with higher summer adaptability capabilities, cross breeding of desired birds should be done. This will also help in better housing and low feed management of poultry farm birds.
47. Suggest some preventive measures for the diseases of poultry birds.
Solution
Poultry birds usually suffer from various bacterial and viral diseases. When such diseases turn out to be epidemic, then they are known as bird flu. Some of the preventive measures which could be implied on poultry farms are as follows :
- Maintaining the proper sanitation and hygiene of the farm.
- Regular spray of disinfectant on particular time intervals.
- Regulation on proper food content and distribution.
- Maintaining clean water supply.
- Timely vaccination of birds.
- Temperature maintenance of the farm units.
- Poultry farm should be of proper land area and the population should not be in excess.
48. Figure shows the two crop fields [Plots A and B] have been treated by manures and chemical fertilizers respectively, keeping other environmental factors same. Observe the graph and answer the following questions.
(a) Why does plot B show sudden increase and then gradual decrease in yield?
(b) Why is the highest peak in plot A graph slightly delayed?
(c) What is the reason for the different pattern of the two graphs?
Solution
(a) There is sudden release of nutrients like N, P, and K, etc. in high quantity with addition of chemical fertilizers. Further gradual decrease observed is may be due to continuous use and high quantity of chemical which kills microbes useful for replenishing the organic matter in soil. This decreases the soil fertility.
(b) Manures supply nutrients slowly to the soil as it contains large amounts of organic matter. It enriches soil fertility continuously.
(c) The difference among the two graphs indicates that use of manure is beneficial for long duration in cropping as the yield tends to remain high when quantity of manure increases. Whereas in case of Plot B, long term use of chemical fertilizers might influence the soil quality and can lead to various problems as well. Loss of biodiversity, microbial decomposition activity and biogeochemical cycles will be hampered. At the end the soil fertility will be lost completely.
49. Complete the crossword puzzle (figure): 
Across
1. Oil yielding plant (9)
3. Crop grown in winter season (4)
5. Fixed by Rhizobium (8)
9. Common honeybee (4)
Downward
2. Animal feed (6)
4. A micronutrient (5)
6. Unwanted plant in crop fields (4)
7. An exotic breed of chicken (7)
8. Bottom feeders in fish pond (7)
10. A marine fish (4)
Solution
Across
1. Sunflower
3. Rabi
5. Nitrogen
9. Apis
Downward
2. Fodder
4. Boron
6. Weed
8. Mrigals
10. Tuna