ICSE Solutions for Chapter 4 Soils in India Class 10 Geography
Very short Questions
1. Which
subject deals with the study of Soil?
Answer
Pedology is the
subject deals with the study of soil.
2. What do
you mean by ‘Soil’?
Answer
‘Soil’ means the uppermost layer of the earth’s crust, which
contains the organic as well as mineral matter necessary for the growth of
plants.
3. What all
conditions can alter the characteristics of Soil?
Answer
The conditions of climate, topography, vegetation and
underlying rock can alter the characteristics of Soil.
4. Mention
the types of Soils found in India.
Or
Name the four
major Soil types found in India, leaving out desert and mountain Soils.
Or
Name four
major groups of Soil found in the Indian Plains and Plateaus.
Answer
There are four main types of Soils found in India:
- Alluvial Soil,
- Black Soil,
- Red Soil,
- Laterite Soil.
5. Which two
types of Soils are the most important Soils?
Answer
Alluvial Soil and Black Soil are the most important
Soils.
6. What is meant by ‘in Situ’?
Answer
‘In situ’ are the Soils which are found where they are
formed.
7. Mention
two ways by which Soil can get nitrogen.
Answer
Fertilizers and mixed farming.
8. What do
you understand by Humus?
Answer
Humus: The decaying of organic materials, e.g., dead
leaves, stems, roots, living bacteria, fungi, worms etc., produce humus, which
is important for Soil fertility.
9. Where are Alluvial Soils found in India?
Answer
Alluvial Soils occupy the extensive tracts of Punjab,
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, Orissa, and the coastal strips of Peninsular
India. They also occupy parts of Gujrat and Rajasthan.
10. Name the
Soil known for its self-ploughing quality and the capacity to hold moisture.
Name any two cash crops for which it is specially suited.
Answer
Black cotton Soil; Cotton and Sugarcane.
11. What is
one disadvantage of Bhangar alluvium ?
Answer
Sometimes it has high content of sodium salts which makes
it unproductive.
12. (i)
Which minerals are found in Regur Soil?
(ii) Name the
important crops grown on it.
Answer
(i) Iron, Calcium, Aluminium and Magnesium.
(ii) Cotton, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Jowar and Bajra.
13. Name one important crop that thrives best in Regur and Red Soil, and a sea-port from where it is exported.
Answer
The crop that thrives best in Regur Soil is Cotton. It is
exported from Mumbai sea-port. The crop that thrives best in Red Soil is
Sugarcane. It is exported from Chennai.
14. How is
the Red Soil formed?
Answer
Red Soil is formed due to the prolonged weathering of the
old crystalline rocks. They have a mixture of clay and sand.
15. (i) Name the soil which is formed due to high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternating wet and dry periods.
(ii) Name two states where this type of soil is found.
Answer
(i) Laterite soil
(ii) Orissa and Karnataka.
16. Which of
the Soil is affected by Soil erosion and which crops grow well in Laterite
Soil.
Answer
The Soil affected by Soil erosion is Laterite Soil. The
important crops of this Soil is Tapioca and Cashewnuts.
17. In which
areas is Soil erosion prominent in India.
Answer
Soil erosion is prominent in the North-eastern hilly
region of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, the Chambal Valley, West Bengal and Thar
Desert.
18. Mention
the types of Soil erosion.
Answer
Types of Soil erosion are as follows:
- Erosion by water
- Erosion by wind.
19. What is
gully erosion?
When rain falls heavily, the run off scours out deep
grooves. This cutting up of the Soil gives rise to bad lands or ravine lands.
This type of erosion is known as Gully erosion.
20. How does
erosion by wind take place?
Answer
Sometimes in dry areas, dust and silt may be lifted and
carried to a great distance by the wind. This is known as Wind erosion.
21. Mention
causes of Soil erosion.
Answer
Causes of Soil erosion are:
- The agents of gradation like wind and water
- Nature of the Soil
- Human factors
22. How is
man responsible for Soil erosion?
Answer
- Indiscriminate cutting down of forests.
- Overgrazing by cattle.
- Faulty methods of cultivation e.g. Jhooming.
Short Questions
1. How is Soil formed?
Answer
Soil is formed by the Parent rock material through a
process of break up or wear and tear. The decomposition of plant remains,
animal manures and dead animals add to the fertility of the soil.
2. How we
define Soil from agricultural point of view?
Answer
Soil is the thin layer of loose mixture of small rock
particles and rotting organic matter that covers much of the world’s land
surface. It supports all forests, grasslands and crops from which all living
creatures on earth derive their food.
3. What are the different types of Soil according to their Zones?
Answer
Types of Zonal Soils:
Different Types of Soil:
Eight major types according to Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR).
- Alluvial soils
- Black soils
- Red soils
- Laterite soils
- Desert soils
- Mountain soils
- Saline and Alkaline soils
- Peaty and Marshy soils
4. Alluvial
Soils are also called ‘Riverine Soils’. Why?
Answer
The chief region of Alluvial Soils in India is the
Indo-Gangetic plain, where Alluvial Soils have been deposited mostly by rivers.
The coastal belts are the areas of alluvium. The deltaic alluvium on the
eastern coast has also been deposited by river- channels. Therefore, Alluvial
Soils are rightly called Riverine Soils.
5. How is
the Alluvial Soil found in the Ganga plain different from that found in the
Godavari valley?
Answer
The Alluvial Soil of the Ganga plain is formed due to the
deposition of alluvium which is brought from the Himalayan region. These are
light in colour. The Alluvial Soil of the Godavari valley is formed due to the
deposition of alluvium brought mainly from the Deccan trap region which is
volcanic in origin. It is dark in colour.
6. How is
Alluvial soil formed? Why is this soil agriculturally important?
Answer
Alluvial soils are formed by the sediments brought by the
rivers. The rivers deposit very fine silt called ‘alluvium’ in their plains
during the course of their journey starting from its source in the mountains
and ending till its mouth.
This soil is agriculturally very important because it is
a mixture of sand, clay and silt (loamy) which makes it very fertile. It is
rich in potash and lime. It is light and porous therefore easily tillable. It
is suitable for growing large variety of Rabi and Kharif crops.
7. (i) What
is Black Soil?
(ii) Give any
two characteristics or features of the Soil found most suitable for growing cotton
and sugarcane in Maharashtra.
Answer
(i) It is Black in colour therefore it is called Black
Soil. These Soils are also called Regur Soil. These are formed in situ, i.e.,
formed where they are found. These Soils have originated from solidification of
basic lava spread over large areas of Deccan Plateau during volcanic activity.
(ii) Two characteristics or features of the Black Soil
which is most suitable for growing cotton and sugarcane in Maharashtra are:
- It is fine grained, rich in iron, lime and calcium.
- It retains moisture and becomes exceedingly sticky.
8. How is
Black Soil formed?
Answer
Black Soil is formed as a result of denudation of
lava-flow rocks. They contain large quantities of lime, potash, aluminium,
magnesium. They are deficient in phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter. Black
Soil is highly retentive of moisture, and become sticky when wet.
9. What are
the other names of Black Soil? Where are they found?
Answer
Black Soil is also known as ‘Regur Soil’ or ‘Black Cotton
Soil’. Black Soil is found in Gujrat, Maharashtra, parts of Madhya Pradesh,
South Uttar Pradesh, North-west Orissa and the western parts of Andhra Pradesh.
10. (i)
Explain the origin of the Black Soil. Name two States in India, which have
Black Soil.
(ii) Mention
any two advantages of the Black Soil.
Answer
(i) Black Soil is formed by weathering of volcanic rocks.
It is found in Maharashtra and M.-P.
(ii) It retains moisture for a long time, is rich in
lime, potash and calcium.
11. Where is
Red Soil found?
Answer
Red Soil is found in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, South-eastern
Maharashtra, parts of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. They are also found in the
southern districts of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and eastern Rajasthan.
12. What are
mineral deficiencies of Red Soil? How can they be corrected?
Answer
The Red Soils are generally poor in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and humus. They become reasonably fertile when fertilizers are added to it.
13. How is
Red Soil formed? State two reasons for the low productivity of Red Soil or .
disadvantages.
Answer
Red Soil is formed by weathering of crystalline and
metamorphic rocks.
Reasons for low productivity:
- Deficient in nitrogen, humus.
- Porous , friable.
14. How is
Laterite Soil formed ?
Answer
It is formed by the weathering of Soil or due to intense
leaching during the periods of heavy rainfall. All the soluble materials are
removed and a hard stony layer remains.
15. Where is Laterite Soil Formed ?
Answer
Answer: It is found m Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Assam, Bengal, Orissa and along the Western and Eastern Ghats.
16. State
two disadvantages of Laterite Soil.
Answer
Disadvantages of Laterite Soils are:
- They contain high percentage of acidity.
- It is generally coarse in texture and cannot retain moisture.
17. (i) Why is
Laterite Soil unsuitable for cultivation? Name an area where this Soil is
found.
(ii) Name the
type of Soil found on the summit of the Eastern Ghats. Explain the causes of
its
formation.
Answer
(i) Laterites are intensively leached Soils of the
monsoon climate. They lack in elements of fertility and thus are normally of
low value for crop production. Laterite Soil is found in India in hill summits
ot Eastern and Western Ghats and Assam Hills.
(ii) Laterite Soils are found on the summits of the
Eastern Ghats. These are formed in the areas which experience high temperature
and heavy rainfall. They are formed by the process of leaching.
18. What is
the meaning of ‘Soil Erosion’?
Answer
The washing away or the removal of the Soil is known as
Soil erosion. Soil erosion, thus, may be termed as the detachment and
transportation of Soil particles by agents of denudation such as weathering,
running water and wind, etc.
19. Mention
the types of Soil erosion by water.
Answer
Soil erosioin by water can be of the following sub-types:
- Sheet erosion
- Rill erosion
- Gully erosion
- Stream Bank erosion.
- Sea-shore erosion.
- Slip erosion.
20. State the factors upon which the rate of Soil erosion depends.
Answer
The rate of Soil erosion depends upon:
- Character of the slope of land.
- The density of vegetation.
- Rainfall—Heavy or Light.
21. Define
‘Leaching’? In which region South of the Tropic of Cancer, can one find Soil
formed by ‘Leaching’?
Answer
Leaching Soil is the process by which soluble substances
such as organic basic minerals and mineral salts are washed out of the upper
layer of a Soil into a lower layer by percolating rain water, e.g., Laterite
Soil.
Found in Karnataka which is south of Tropic of Cancer.
22. What is
sheet erosion ?
Answer
When the vegetation cover of an area is removed, the rain
water instead of sinking into the ground, washes the Soil down the slope. Each
succeeding rain-stream washes away a thin layer of absorbent top Soil. This is
known as Sheet Erosion.
23. What is
rill erosion?
Answer
In rill erosion small finger-like rills begin to appear
on the landscape. These rills are usually smoothened out by working of the farm
implements. But, slowly the rills increase not only in number but also in their
shape and size. They get wider and deeper.
This reduces the actual area under crop and results in
declining crop yields.
24. What is
stream bank erosion?
Answer
The banks of the streams or rivers get eroded every year
by the flowing water.
In certain areas, the streams and rivers often change
their course bit by bit every year and their beds get widened.
25. (i) How
does sea or shore erosion occur?
(ii) How is
slip erosion caused?
Answer
(i) The tidal waters of sea cause considerable Soil
erosion along the coast, particularly during the rainy season when the sea gets
rough. The roaring waves rush and dash on the coast, swallowing every time bits
of coastal lands.
(ii) Slip erosion is caused by hydraulic pressure exerted
by moisture penetrating into the Soil during heavy, rains. Sometimes the entire
field on hill side may slide down because of slip erosion.
26. How does wind erose Soil?
Answer
When wind blows over barren land, there will be damage to
the top Soil. In the areas of scanty rainfall wind erosion is predominant. When
deaf-forestation due to over- grazing of cultivation makes the top Soil bare,
wind erosion occurs.
27. Mention
some measures to check Soil erosion.
Answer
Some measures to check Soil erosion are: Contour method
of ploughing, terraced farming, plugging of gullies and ravine method,
constructing dams across the streams, check on unrestricted grazing over the
pastures, afforestation and legal binding on primitive method of Jhooming
cultivation should be exercised.
28. Explain
the need for Soil conservation in India. State two methods of Soil
conservation.
Answer
A rich soil in plant food is the chief requirement of a
successful agriculture. It is an essential as a support for plants.
Soil is a very important natural resource of India
because agricultural production is basically dependent on the fertility of
Soil. Food products like cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables are obtained
indirectly from the Soil.
Two methods:
- Contour ploughing.
- Afforestation.
29. How does
the nature of the Soil affect Soil
erosion ?
Answer
Sandy and porous Soils are subjected to least erosion by
water action because they absorb a good amount of water at the time of
rainfall. Impervious Soils are subjected to gradual erosion by water because
they are incapable of absorbing rainwater.
30. State
any two methods of controlling soil erosion.
Answer
- Terrace farming.
- Planting shelter belts to check the speed of wind.
31. What is
soil conservation? How does reforestation help in soil conservation?
Answer
Soil conservation refers to the methods of protecting the
soil from erosion. Roots of the trees protect the soil by holding it in place
against wind and water erosion. Re- afforestation means replanting trees which
have been cut down. For every tree that is cut, two trees are grown. In this
way forest cover is increased.
32. Mention
two ways by which soil can get nitrogen.
Answer
- Use of fertilizer.
- Crop rotation: Rotation of crops is a system in which farmers grow pulses or leguminous crops after the harvest of a soil exhausting crop. Through this method the soil retains its fertility or gets back the nitrogen.
Long Questions
1. Name the factors responsible for the formation of Soil.
Answer
- Climate:
The climate in which Soil develops is the most important factor. It is responsible
for the following:
(a) Weathering: Extremes of temperature, freezing and thawing of ice break down rocks and favour Soil formation.
(b) Vegetation: The growth and decay of vegetation determines the humus content of the Soil. Roots of plants penetrate the Soil and make it porous.
(c) Bio-chemical processes taking place in Soil: Bacteria and fungi cause the decay of plants and animal remains. Some transform the atmospheric nitrogen into Soil nitrogen. - The Parent
rock: The physical and chemical composition of the parent rock
determines the relative proportion of different minerals in the Soil layers.
- The
Topography: The slope of the land surface is an important factor in
the formation of Soil layer.
(a) Hills and slopes: Steep slopes usually have a thin Soil layer because weathered particles are easily carried downslope by running water and wind.
(b) Plains and Valleys: On flat plains and in valley, thick fertile Soils are developed.
2. Draw a
diagram showing the different Soil Horizons.
Answer
3. What are the main components of Soil?
Answer
(i) Silica: The main constituent of sand,
it is present as small crystalline grains. It is mainly derived from the
weathering of rocks.
(ii) Clay: It is a mixture of silicates and
contains many minerals like iron, potassium, calcium, sodium and aluminium.
Particles of clay absorb water and swell.
(iii) Chalk: It consists of calcium carbonate
which provides the important element calcium.
(iv) Humus: It is the organic matter present
in the Soil formed by the decomposition of plants and animal remains and animal
manure. It is the most important element that determines the fertility of the
Soil.
4. Name the
varieties of Alluvial Soils. Where are they found?
Answer
Alluvial Soils are of two varieties : Bhangar and Khadar.
‘Bhangar’ is older alluvium. It is found usually higher up in the plains, and occurs at river terraces away from the river. It is found in massive beds, and is characterized by calcareous clays. It is light grey and less fertile. ‘Khadar’ is newer alluvium. It occurs in the lower levels near the river, and is mainly clay loamy. Its new layers are deposited year after year during the season of monsoon floods.
5. How is
Regur Soil formed? Mention four important features of Regur Soil.
Answer
Regur or Black Soil is formed by weathering of volcanic
(basalt) rock formed by the Deccan Lava.
Four important features of Regur Soil are:
- Fine grained
- Moisture retentive
- Sticky when wet
- Cracks when dry.
6. Mention
some of the properties of Red Soil.
Or
Mention characteristics of Red Soil.
Answer
- Red Soils are formed in situ by weathering of the ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
- They are rich in iron content, hence, they are red in colour.
- The productivity of the Red Soil increases with regular use of fertilizers.
- Red Soils are porous in nature but not retentive to moisture.
- They are suited for dry farming as it does not require much moisture.
7. What are
the salient characteristics of Laterite Soils?
Answer
- Laterite Soils are leached Soils because alternating dry and wet spells cause the soluble silica to be removed.
- These Soils are acidic in nature and coarse and crumbly in texture.
- The proportion of lime and silica is reduced when leaching takes place.
- In the upper layers, the compounds of iron and aluminium become higher giving a reddish colour to the Soil.
- Lack of nitrogen, potassium and organic elements make these Soils unsuitable for cultivation. These Soils support pastures and scrub forests.
- With the use of manures, coffee, rubber, cashew, etc., can be grown on these Soils.
8. For each, state one method of controlling the
erosion caused.
Answer
Methods of Controlling Erosion:
- Erosion by water: During heavy downpours deep ‘gullies’ are made on account of water run off. Gully erosion can be stopped by plugging it with stones and pebbles or quick growing grasses can be grown in gullies to stop its expansion.
- Erosion by wind: Wind erosion reduces the productive capacity of the soil by removing the loose particles of soil with the high velocity wind. The nutrients required by the plants are taken away by the wind. Therefore more and more trees should be planted along the edges of the field, the waste land and also on the steep slopes. If it is difficult to grow trees, grass should be grown but no land should be left devoid of plants.
9. (i) Define the term ‘Soil conservation’.
(ii) Why is it necessary?
Answer
(i) The protection of the top Soil, which is constantly being shifted by wind and water from one area to another is called Soil conservation. In other words, Soil conservation refers to the steps taken to protect the Soil from erosion.
(ii) Soil is our most precious resource. It is important to our national economy as productive Soil ensures prosperity in agriculture, industrial development and general economic development.
Give Reasons
Give Geographical Reasons for the following:
1. Why are Alluvial Soil agriculturally important?
Answer
Alluvial Soils are agriculturally important, as they are formed by the deposition of sediments brought by the rivers which gets replenished by the deposition of fresh sediment every year, and are rich in chemical nutrients.
2. Why is deltaic alluvium more fertile than coastal alluvium?
Answer
Deltaic alluvium (Khadar) is more fertile than coastal alluvium (Bhangar) as new layers are deposited year after year during monsoonal floods.
3. Why is Alluvial Soil fertile?
Answer
Alluvial Soil is very fertile since alluvium is rich in mineral nutrients like potash and lime.
4. Why Black Soils are also called ‘Black Cotton Soil’?
Answer
Black Soil is particularly suitable for cotton cultivation. Therefore it is also called ‘Black cotton soil’.
5. Why Black Soil needs to be tilled after the first rains?
Answer
When wet, the Soil becomes sticky and difficult to work with. So, the Soil needs to be tilled after the first rains.
6. Why Black soil is Black in colour?
Answer
It is Black in colour due to high percentage of iron content.
7. Why is the Red Soil red in colour?
Answer
Red Soil is red in colour because it contains a great proportion of iron-oxides. At several places, their colour has slightly changed and appears brown or grey.
8. Name one state in India which mostly has Red Soil.
Answer
Tamil Nadu has Red Soil.
9. Why is Red Soil ideal for dry farming?
Answer
Red Soil is ideal for dry farming as it does not require moisture.
10. Laterite soil is not suitable for cultivation.
Answer
Laterite soils are acidic in nature and has low water retaining capacity. It is poor in nitrogen and lime.
11. Why is Laterite Soil not suitable for agriculture?
Answer
Laterite Soil is not suitable for agriculture because of its high content of acidity and it cannot retain moisture also.
Differentiate
1. State two differences between Black soil and Alluvial soil.
Answer
Difference between Black soil and Alluvial soil
|
Black Soil |
Alluvial Soil |
|
1. Made by lava. Residual soil. |
1. Made by alluvium. Transported soil. |
|
2. Black in colour. |
2. Yellow in colour. |
|
3. Rich in humus. |
3. Deficient in humus. |
2. Alluvial soil and red soil.
Answer
Difference between Alluvial soil and Red soil
|
Alluvial soil |
Red Soil |
|
1. Light grey in colour. |
Reddish in colour as it contains Iron Oxide. |
|
2. Very fertile, suitable for wheat, sugarcane, rice, cotton, jute, oil seed. |
Rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton and pulses can be cultivated when well watered with fertiliser. |
3. Alluvial soils found in the lower courses and the upper courses of rivers.
Answer
Difference between alluvial soils in the upper and lower courses of the rivers:
|
Upper course Alluvial Soil |
Lower course Alluvial Soil |
|
1. It is coarser i.e. particles bigger in size. |
It is finer and finest in the lowest section. |
|
2. It is dry, less compact. |
It is more moist and more compact. |
4. State two differences between Khadar and Bhangar Soil.
Answer
Difference between Khadar soil and Bhangar soil
|
Khadar Soil |
Bhangar Soil |
|
1. The newer alluvium is called Khadar. |
The older alluvium is called Bhangar. |
|
2. It is fine textured and more fertile. |
It contains pebbles and gravels. It is less fertile. |
5. Black Soil and Alluvial Soil.
Answer
Difference between Black soil and Alluvial soil
|
Black Soil |
Alluvial Soil |
|
1. Made by lavita. |
Made by rivers. |
|
2. Black in colour. |
Yellow in colour. |
|
3. Rich in humus. |
Rich in iron. |
6. Alluvial soil of the northern plains and the alluvial soil on the coastal plains of India.
Answer
Difference between Alluvial Soil of Northern Plains and Alluvial Soil on the Coastal Plain
|
Alluvial Soil of Northern Plains |
Alluvial Soil on the Coastal Plain |
|
1. Light in colour |
Dark in colour |
|
2. Sandy |
Clayey |
|
3. Porous |
Non porous |
|
4. Coarse in texture |
Fine in texture |
7. Sheet erosion and Gully erosion.
Answer
Difference between Sheet Erosion and Gully Erosion
|
Sheet Erosion |
Gully Erosion |
|
1. Occurs on even surface layer. |
Occurs on steep slopes. |
|
2. The top Soil is removed. |
Steep sided valley are formed. |
|
3. Found in Western India. |
Found in Chambal ravines. |
|
4. Sheet erosion is harmful since it removes the finer and more fertile top Soil. |
Gullies cut up agricultural land and make it unfit for cultivation. |
8. Transported soil and In Situ soil, quoting a suitable example for each.
Answer
Difference between Transported Soil and In Situ Soil
|
Transported Soil |
In Situ Soil |
|
If a soil is carried else where at the place of rest by the agents of gradation from the place of its origin is called transported soil, e.g. Alluvial soil. |
If the soil remains at the place of its origin is called in situ, e.g. Black soil. |
Map Plotting
1. On the map of India, shade and name an area each of:
(a) Alluvial Soil,
(b) Red Soil,
(c) Desert Soil and
(d) Hill Soil or Mountain Soil.
Answer
Name the Following
1. Name the soil which
(i) covers the summits of the Eastern Ghats.
(ii) makes up the delta of the River Ganga.
(iii) is sticky when wet and cracks when dry.
Answer
(i) laterite
(ii) alluvial
(iii) black
2. Give a single word for each of the following:
(i) The loose rock material, together with humus, forming the uppermost layer of the earth’s crust and serving a source of food and moisture for plants.
(ii) The process of percolation by which valuable mineral nutrients are washed down from the top layer of the Soil only to deposit them in the lower layers, making the top Soil infertile.
Answer
(i) Soil
(ii) Leaching
3. Name the transported Soil most widely found in India. State the two sub categories into which it is generally divided. What are their local names and which one of them is superior to the other.
Answer
Alluvial Soil; Older alluvium—Bhangar, Newer alluvium—Khadar. Khadar is superior to Bhangar.
4. Point out the region where coastal alluvium is found.
Answer
The coastal alluvium occurs in the coastal strips of peninsular India and the plains of Gujrat and also some parts of Rajasthan.
5. Name the three types of Alluvium Soil.
Answer
Alluvium Soils include:
- Deltaic alluvium
- Coastal alluvium
- Inland alluvium.
6. Name the crops for which Red Soils is suitable.
Answer
Red soil is suitable for the cultivation of wheat, rice, millet, gram, pulses and sugarcane.
7. Name the Soil which is formed due to high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternating wet and dry periods. Name two states where this type of Soil is found?
Answer
Laterite Soil; Kerala and Karnataka.
8. Name one area where Laterite Soil is found in large-scale.
Answer
It is found along summits of Western Ghats in Karnataka and Kerala.
9. Name the parent rock of Laterite Soil. Name one area in India which has Laterite Soil.
Answer
The parent rock of Laterite Soil is Laterite rock. It is mainly found in the Malwa Plateau region.
10. Which Soil is found suitable to grow coffee in Karnataka?
Answer
Laterite Soil.
11. Name two important agents of erosion.
Answer
The two important agents of erosion are:
- Water
- Wind.
12. Name a part of India where:
(i) Wind is the main agent of erosion.
(ii) Water is the main agent of erosion.
Answer
(i) Thar Desert, western Rajasthan and south Punjab.
(ii) In hilly regions such as the Himalayas, hills of North-east India and the Nilgiris.