Frank Solutions for Chapter 8 Electricity and Magnetism- Static Electricity Class 9 Physics ICSE
1. What do you mean by electrostatics?
Answer
Electrostatics is defined as the study of charges at rest.
2. What is the other name of frictional electricity?
Answer
Frictional electricity is also known as static electricity.
3. Name the scientist who first observed the electrical properties of amber.
Answer
Thales of Miletus was the scientist who observed the electric properties of amber.
4. How many kinds of charges have you come across?
Answer
There are two kind of charges - positive and negative charge.
5. What does a positively charged body signify?
Answer
A positively charged body signifies that its nucleus contains more number of protons than electrons.
6. What does a negatively charged body signify?
Answer
A negatively charged body signifies that it contains number of electrons more than number of protons.
7. Name the scientist who first assigned algebraic signs to charges.
Answer
Benjamin Franklin was the scientist who first assigned the algebraic signs to charges.
8. What will happen when a glass rod is rubbed with some silk cloth?
Answer
When a glass rod is rubbed with silk the glass rod acquires the positive charge.
9. What type of charge is produced on an ebonite rod when it is rubbed with cat's fur?
Answer
When ebonite rod is rubbed with cat's fur, the ebonite rod acquires the negative charge.
10. What is quantization of charge?
Answer
The quantization of charge is the property by virtue of which every charge exists only in discrete lumps or packets of some minimum charge.
11. Name a physical quantity, other than electric charge, which is quantized.
Answer
Energy other than electric charge is quantized.
12. How many electrons are present in one coulomb?
Answer
Q = ne
N = Q/e = 1C/1.6 ×10-19
= 6.25× 1018
13. Which is bigger: 1 C or magnitude of charge on an electron?
Answer:
1 C is bigger than charge on an electron.
14. What is the value of charge on a body which carries 100 excess electrons?
Answer
Q = ne
The charge on an electron = -1.6×10-19
= 100×1.6×10-19
= 16×10-17
15. Is a charge of -3.6× 10-18 C possible?
Answer
Q = ne
N = Q/e
= -3.6× 10-18/1.6×10-19 = 22.5
Since, n is not an integral value so this value of charge is not possible because charge is quantized.
16. What is the origin of frictional forces?
Answer
The origin of frictional forces is electrical in nature.
17. What is the cause of charging?
Answer
The cause of charging is the frictional forces between the two bodied when they are rubbed against each other.
18. Who first showed two kinds of charges and who gave them algebraic signs?
Answer
The Sir Williams Gilbert was the scientist who showed two charges and Benjamin Franklin was the scientist who gave name to charges.
19. State two differences between charge and mass.
Answer:
Two differences between charge and mass are :
- Electric charge can be positive, negative or zero while mass of the body is strictly positive.
- Electric charge is quantized while the quantization of mass is not yet established.
20. Is mass of the body affected on charging?
Answer
Yes, mass of the body get affected on charging.
21. Consider three charged bodies A, B and C. If A and B repel each other and A attracts C, what is the nature of force between B and C?
Answer
There will be attractive force between the B and C because both carry opposite charges.
22. How do the charges interact?
Answer
Unlike charges attract each other and like charges repel each other.
23. Does motion of a body affect its charge?
Answer
No, the motion of the object does not affect the charge on the body.
24. Name any two basic properties of electric charge.
Answer
The properties of an electric charge are –
- Electric charges are quantized.
- Like charges repel each other while unlike charges attract each other.
25. Can ever photons have a charge? If not, why?
Answer
Photons can never have charge because charges never exist without rest mass.
26. A glass rod rubber with silk cloth acquires a charge of +1.6 × 10-12 C. What is the charge on the silk cloth?
Answer
The silk cloth will acquire the charge opposite to the charge of glass rod. So the charge acquired by silk cloth will be = -1.6×10-19 C.
27. What is the SI unit of charge?
Answer
The S.I. unit of charge is coulomb.
28. What is the value of charge on an electron? Is a charge less than value possible?
Answer
The value of charge on an electron = -1.6×10-19 C. No, the charge less than charge of an electron is not possible.
29. What is the net charge on an atom?
Answer
The net charge on an atom is zero.
30. What are free electrons?
Answer
The electrons of the outermost orbit of an atom are the free electrons and they easily leave their respective atoms and become free to move inside the solid.
31. What is an ion? How are they formed?
Answer
Anion is an atom which has either gained one or more electrons or which has lost one or more electrons. When an atoms valence electrons leave their atom and become free to move inside the solid and move to another atom then positive ion is formed. And, the other atom which gain electrons become the negative ion.
32. State the kind of charge on (i) a positive ion, (ii) a negative ion.
Answer
(i) On positive ion, there exist a positive charge.
(ii) On negative ion, there exists a negative charge.
33. Describe an experiment to show that the like charges repel each other while the unlike charges attract.
Answer
If the electrified silk cloth or the ebonite rod are brought near to each other then they will repel each other but when electrified silk cloth and glass rod are brought together then they attract each other. The charges on the electrified silk cloth and ebonite rod is negatives while on glass rod , its positive so we can Say that like charges repel each other while unlike charges attract each other.
34. Sometimes when you take off your nylon clothes, your hair stand on their end. Explain the observation.
Answer
When the nylon cloth get rubbed with hairs then it acquires the negative charge because few free electrons get transferred from hairs to nylon and they get attracted towards nylon cloth so the hair stands on their end.
35. The charge on a body is -1.8e. Is this statement true?
Answer
The charge is quantized and Q = ne where n should be only integer. Since Q = -1.8 e where n is not an integer. So, this charge is not possible.
36. Draw a labeled diagram of a gold leaf electroscope.
Answer
The labeled diagram of gold leaf electroscope:
Answer
The purpose of an electroscope is to detect the presence of charge on the body and nature of charge (whether its positively charged or negatively charged) on the body.
38. Fig. 16 represents a negatively charged gold leaf electroscope. Label the parts, P, Q and R and the state whether each is an insulator or a conductor. Also, indicate the distribution of charges on the system in diagram.
P is a cap, Q is plug and R is the bottle in the negatively charged gold leaf electroscope. P is a conductor and Q, R is an insulator.
39. Fig. 17 shows a metal rod PQ mounted on an insulated stand. The cap of an uncharged electroscope touches one end Q of the metal rod. A negatively charged ebonite rod is brought near other end P of the metal rod.
(a) What charge does the end P have?
(b) What charge does the end Q have?
(c) What charge does the cap of the electroscope have?
(d) What charge does the gold leaf have?
(e) Will the leaf diverge or collapse? Give reason.
(f) If the electroscope is now earthed, what charge does the metal rod have?
Answer
(a) P will have the positive charge
(b) Q will have no charge.
(c) Cap of the electroscope will have no charge.
(d) The gold leaf will have negative charge.
(e) The leaf will diverse because like charges repel each other.
(f) If electroscope is earthed then metal rod will have positive charge.
40. What is meant by the earthing of an electroscope?
Answer
Earthing of an electroscope is meant to take the thick copper strip inside the earth so that charges induced from thunderstorm on the metal spikes can move to earth to safeguard buildings from thunderstorm.