Frank Solutions for Chapter 20 Health: Causes of Diseases Class 9 Biology ICSE
Exercises
1. Define the following:
(a) Disease
(b) Pathogen
(c) Infection
(d) Incubation period
Answer
(a) Disease
(b) Pathogen
(c) Infection
(d) Incubation period
Answer
(a) Disease is the stage when body or any part of it shows some disturbance in normal functions.
(b) Pathogen refers to any disease-causing organism.
(c) Infection refers to the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms.
(d) Incubation period refers to the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms.
(b) Pathogen refers to any disease-causing organism.
(c) Infection refers to the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms.
(d) Incubation period refers to the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms.
2. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Communicable diseases
(b) Non-communicable diseases
(c) Epidemic diseases
(d) Sporadic diseases.
Answer
(a) Communicable diseases
(b) Non-communicable diseases
(c) Epidemic diseases
(d) Sporadic diseases.
Answer
(a) Communicable diseases are the diseases which spread by different organisms such as bacteria, virus and fungi. These are transmitted from one person to another.
Example – Flu, malaria, syphilis.
Example – Flu, malaria, syphilis.
(b) Non-communicable diseases – These diseases are not transferred from on person to another. They are of different types like allergy, nutritional deficiencies, degenerated diseases, cancer and mental diseases.
Example – Arthritis, hypertension
Example – Arthritis, hypertension
(c) Epidemic diseases – These diseases spread rapidly and affect a large number of people at a time.
Example – Spread of plague in Surat in 1994.
Example – Spread of plague in Surat in 1994.
(d) Sporadic diseases – This refers to a type when there are scattered individual cases of a disease.
3. Name three bacterial diseases with their causal organisms.
Answer
- Pneumonia – Diplococcus pneumonia
- Tetanus – Clostridium tetani
- Whooping cough – Haemophilus pertussis
4. Name any two human diseases caused by viruses. Give their symptoms and methods of treatment.
Answer
- Influenza:
• Symptoms – Symptoms begin with headache, cold, sneezing, nose clogging, pain in hands, feet and waist. Watery discharge from nose and eyes makes patient restless and weak.
• Method of treatment – Increased immunity is the best remedy. Penicillin, streptopenicillin and gamma globulin lower the effect of this disease. Eucalyptus oil should be applied on nose. During high fever, ice fermenting should be done as well as liquid food given. - Polio:
Symptoms – Symptoms commence 7-12 days after infection. These include infection of throat and intestines, muscle stiffness in neck and back.
Treatment – Vaccine of polio is more effective in children. Oral polio drops are also given to children.
5. What do you understand by infectious disease? Discuss any one disease.
Answer
Answer
Infectious diseases are the diseases which spread by different organisms such as bacteria, virus and fungi. These are transmitted from one person to another.
Influenza is a highly infectious viral disease. This disease spreads quickly from one person to the next. The virus is transmitted from the patient to the other person while the patient is coughing, sneezing, laughing or speaking. This is also transmitted by contaminated towel and handkerchief.
Symptoms – Symptoms begin with headache, cold, sneezing, nose clogging, pain in hands, feet and waist. Watery discharge from nose and eyes makes patient restless and weak.
Method of treatment – Increased immunity is the best remedy. Penicillin, streptopenicillin and gamma globulin lower the effect of this disease. Eucalyptus oil should be applied on nose. During high fever, ice fermenting should be done as well as liquid food given.
Influenza is a highly infectious viral disease. This disease spreads quickly from one person to the next. The virus is transmitted from the patient to the other person while the patient is coughing, sneezing, laughing or speaking. This is also transmitted by contaminated towel and handkerchief.
Symptoms – Symptoms begin with headache, cold, sneezing, nose clogging, pain in hands, feet and waist. Watery discharge from nose and eyes makes patient restless and weak.
Method of treatment – Increased immunity is the best remedy. Penicillin, streptopenicillin and gamma globulin lower the effect of this disease. Eucalyptus oil should be applied on nose. During high fever, ice fermenting should be done as well as liquid food given.
6. Write a brief account on the following diseases:
(a) Tuberculosis
(b) Diphtheria
(c) Influenza
(d) Measles
(e) Malaria
(f) Filaria
Answer
(a) Tuberculosis: It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It affects bones, intestine, brain and other organs.
• Symptoms include restlessness in the beginning, loss of appetite, pain in chest and increase in heart beat.
• Treatment includes taking medicines like P.A.S. and thioacetazone.
(b) Diptheria: It is a communicable disease caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae. In most of the people, this is caused by droplet infection, coughing and spitting.
• Symptoms are high fever, weakness and swelling in the throat.
• Patients should be treated with anti-toxin injection. Children should be vaccinated with DPT.
(c) Influenza: Influenza is a highly infectious viral disease. This disease spreads quickly from one person to the next. The virus is transmitted from the patient to the other person while the patient is coughing, sneezing, laughing or speaking. This is also transmitted by contaminated towel and handkerchief.
• Symptoms begin with headache, cold, sneezing, nose clogging, pain in hands, feet and waist. Watery discharge from nose and eyes makes patient restless and weak.
• Method of treatment – Increased immunity is the best remedy. Penicillin, streptopenicillin and gamma globulin lower the effect of this disease. Eucalyptus oil should be applied on nose. During high fever, ice fermenting should be done as well as liquid food given.
• Symptoms begin with headache, cold, sneezing, nose clogging, pain in hands, feet and waist. Watery discharge from nose and eyes makes patient restless and weak.
• Method of treatment – Increased immunity is the best remedy. Penicillin, streptopenicillin and gamma globulin lower the effect of this disease. Eucalyptus oil should be applied on nose. During high fever, ice fermenting should be done as well as liquid food given.
(d) Measles: It is a highly infectious viral disease. It usually affects children.
• Symptoms include – suddenly high fever, red eyes and oozing of water from eyes. Fever, cough and rashes appear on the third day. After 2 to 3 days temperature goes down.
• Treatment includes complete rest, clothes and towels should be washed in boiling water. Endomonstan B-vaccine is the best treatment.
• Treatment includes complete rest, clothes and towels should be washed in boiling water. Endomonstan B-vaccine is the best treatment.
(e) Malaria: This disease is caused by parasitic protozoa, Plasmodium. The disease is transmitted from one person to another by female anopheles mosquitoes.
• The symptoms are followed by high fever, temperature rises on alternate days. Sweating is followed by lowering of body temperature. Besides this patient feels headache, nausea and vomit.
• This disease is treated by medicines like chloroquine, deraprin, etc.
• The symptoms are followed by high fever, temperature rises on alternate days. Sweating is followed by lowering of body temperature. Besides this patient feels headache, nausea and vomit.
• This disease is treated by medicines like chloroquine, deraprin, etc.
(f) Filaria: It is caused by filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti. This disease is transmitted by mosquito.
• Symptoms include irritation, blockage of lymphatic ducts and fever.
• Symptoms include irritation, blockage of lymphatic ducts and fever.
• This disease can be treated with an arsenic medicine for adult worms.
7. What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
Answer
The symptoms of diabetes insipidus are:
- Excessive urination, but urine does not contain sugar at all
- Increased frequency in urination
- Progressive weakness
- Increased appetite
- Loss of weight
- Excessive thirst
8. List various organisms (atleast 5) which cause human disease.
Answer
Diplococcus pneumonia, Clostridium tetani, Ascaris lumbricoides, Plasmodium species, HIV virus
9. What are the main causes of human heart diseases?
Answer
The main causes of human heart diseases are:
- Body overweight
- Birth defects of the heart
- Deposition of cholesterol resulting in arteriosclerosis
- Severe infections
- Excessive use of coffee, tobacco etc.
- Malfunctioning of some of the endocrine glands
10. Write the full forms of AIDS. Name the causative germ. How is this disease transmitted?
Answer
Answer
Full form of AIDS is Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
It is caused by Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
AIDS is transmitted in the following ways:
It is caused by Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
AIDS is transmitted in the following ways:
- Sexual intercourse with the suffering from AIDS.
- Transfusion of the AIDS infected blood.
- New born child born from the infected mother.
11. Match the items given in Column A with the appropriate item of Column B:
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
Degenerative diseases |
Vector |
|
Diabetes |
Filaria |
|
AIDS |
Viral disease |
|
Cholera |
Rheumatic |
|
Influenza |
Bacterial disease |
|
Mosquito |
Insulin |
|
Elephantiasis |
HIV virus |
|
Entamoeba |
histolytica |
Answer
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
Degenerative diseases |
Rheumatic |
|
Diabetes |
Insulin |
|
AIDS |
HIV virus |
|
Influenza |
Viral disease |
|
Mosquito |
Vector |
|
Elephantiasis |
Filaria |
12. Fill in the blanks:
(a) A reaction caused by the body to some foreign is called ______.
(b) The causative agent of malaria is a _______.
(c) Small pox is caused by ______ whereas diphtheria is caused by ______.
(d) Rabies is a disease ______.
(e) Filariasis is caused by ______.
Answer
(a) A reaction caused by the body to some foreign is called ______.
(b) The causative agent of malaria is a _______.
(c) Small pox is caused by ______ whereas diphtheria is caused by ______.
(d) Rabies is a disease ______.
(e) Filariasis is caused by ______.
Answer
(a) allergy
(b) Plasmodium
(c) virus, bacteria
(d) caused by virus
(e) Wuchereria bancrofti
(b) Plasmodium
(c) virus, bacteria
(d) caused by virus
(e) Wuchereria bancrofti
13. Differentiate between the following pairs:
(a) Endemic and Pandemic disease.
(b) Sporodic and Epidemic disease.
(c) Infectious and non-infectious disease.
(d) Congenital and Acquired disease.
(a) Endemic and Pandemic disease.
(b) Sporodic and Epidemic disease.
(c) Infectious and non-infectious disease.
(d) Congenital and Acquired disease.
Answer
(a) Difference between Endemic and Pandemic disease.
| Endemic disease | Pandemic disease |
| This disease is limited to a particular area, in which a small number of cases are always present. | Here, the disease spreads from one country to another until one continent or more is affected. |
| Example: Yellow fever in certain African countries | Example: AIDS |
(b) Difference between Sporodic and Epidemic disease.
| Sporodic disease | Epidemic disease |
| Here, there are scattered individual cases of a disease | Here, the disease spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people |
(c) Difference between Infectious and non-infectious disease.
| Infectious disease | Non-infectious disease |
| These disease are caused by pathogens | These diseases are not caused by pathogen but result due to some other internal or external factors |
| They spread from one person to another. | They do not spread from one person to another. |
| Eaxmple - Influenza, cholera, malaria | Example - Cancer, arthritis, hypertension |
(d) Difference between Congenital and Acquired disease.
| Congenital disease | Acquired disease |
| These disease are present right from birth. | These diseases are generated after birth. |
| Exmaple - Sickle cell anemia, diabetes, haemophilia | Eample - Influenza, cholera, cancer |
14. Answer the following:
(a) Three diseases caused by bacteria.
(b) The category of germs which causes rabies, small pox and mumps.
(c) Name of the disease spread by dog.
(d) Two diseases caused by parasitic worms.
(e) Any two degenerative diseases.
(a) Three diseases caused by bacteria.
(b) The category of germs which causes rabies, small pox and mumps.
(c) Name of the disease spread by dog.
(d) Two diseases caused by parasitic worms.
(e) Any two degenerative diseases.
Answer
(a) Typhoid, cholera, tetanus
(b) Viruses
(c) Rabies
(d) Filariasis, Ascariasis
(e) Arthritis, diabetes
(b) Viruses
(c) Rabies
(d) Filariasis, Ascariasis
(e) Arthritis, diabetes
15. State whether the following statements are True or False:
(a) Anopheles mosquito spread elephantiasis marked by swelling of lower limbs.
(b) Gonorrhoea is a disease which is caused which is caused by bacterium tryponema palladium.
(c) Allergy is due to hypersentiveness of tissue to certain substances.
(d) Goitre is endemic in sub-himalayan region of India.
(e) AIDS is caused by bacteria.
(f) Plague is epidemic disease.
Answer
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False
(f) True
16. Each question has four options. Choose the correct answer:
(i) Which one of the following is a hormonal disease?
(a) Diabetes
(b) Haemophilia
(c) Allergy
(d) Scurvy
Answer
(a) Diabetes
(ii) Dehydration results from
(a) pneumonia
(b) measles
(c) rabies
(d) cholera
Answer
(d) Cholera
(iii) Elephantiasis is caused by
(a) Entamoeba
(b) filaria
(c) Aspergillus
(d) rabied dog
Answer
(b) filarial
(iv) Which of the following diseases has been eradicated?
(a) Plague
(b) Small pox
(c) Poliomyelities
(d) kala-azar
Answer
(b) Smallpox
(v) A viral disease is
(a) Cancer
(b) leukaemia
(c) Typhoid
(d) yellow fever
Answer
(d) yellow fever
(vi) Cancer is
(a) Non-malignant tumour
(b) controlled division of cells
(c) Uncontrolled division of cells
(d) viral infection
Answer
(c) Uncontrolled division of cells