Frank Solutions for Chapter 13 Diversity of Life and Classification Class 9 Biology ICSE

Exercises


1. What do you understand by diversity of life?
Answer
Diversity refers to the variety of living organisms found within a given ecosystem, biome,
or on an entire planet.

2. What is classification of living organism? How is it important?
The method of arranging organisms into series of groups on the basis of similarities and differences is called classification.
Classification is important in the following ways:
  1. It makes the study of a wide variety of organisms easy.
  2. It gives us an overall picture of all the life-forms.
  3. It helps us to understand the interrelationships among different groups of organisms.
  4. It forms a base for the development of other biological sciences.

3. Describe the Binomial system of classification.
Answer
According to binomial system, all organisms are given two proper names.
  • The first is the generic name beginning with a capital letter whereas the second is the species name starting with a small letter.
  • Both these names are underlined when written or italicised when printed;
  • Naming organisms using this system avoids confusion among people all over the world.
Example- Common name Scientific name
Pea → Pisum sativum
Wheat → Triticum aestivum
Earthworm → Pheretima posthuma
Lion → Panthera leo

4. What is taxonomy?
Answer
Taxonomy is the study of the theory, practice and rules of classification of living and
extinct organisms.

5. Who proposed five kingdom system of classification? On which facts five kingdom classification is based?
Answer
The five kingdom system of classification was proposed by R. H. Whittaker in 1969. This classification is based on the following four facts:
  • Complexity of cell structure
  • Methods of nutrition (autotrophic or heterotrophic)
  • Complexity of body organization.
  • Phylogenetic relationships.
The five kingdoms in this system are:
  1. Monera – It includes all the prokaryotes like bacteria and cyanobacteria. They are important decomposers.
  2. Protista – It includes the aquatic, eukaryotic, acellular organisms like protozoans.
  3. Fungi – This kingdom includes moulds, mushrooms and yeasts.
  4. Plantae – It includes all the coloured, multicellular, eukaryotes with cell walls.
  5. Animalia – These are multicellular eukaryotes lacking cell wall and showing heterotrophic nutrition.

6. What are characters of five kingdom?
Answer
Important characters of five kingdom are:
Characters of kingdom Monera are:
  1. It contains acellular organisms, ranging in size between 0.15 to 2.0 .
  2. They are prokaryotes, lacking a well-defined nucleus .
  3. They usually lack chlorophyll and hence are parasites or saprophytes.
  4. Reproduction occurs by binary fission or budding in bacteria.
    Example – Actinomycetes, bacteria, cyanobacteria.
Characters of kingdom Protista are:
  1. They are aquatic, unicellular organisms.
  2. They have eukaryotic cells with well-defined nucleus and organelles.
  3. They show autotrophic or heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
  4. Some protista are parasites and few are decomposers too.
    Example – Euglena, Amoeba, Paramoecium.
Characters of kingdom Fungi are:
  1. They may be unicellular or multicellular.
  2. (ii) They have heterotrophic nutrition and mostly they are saprophytes.
  3. (iii) Their body is made up of mycelium, a filament of which is called hypha.
  4. (iv) Their cell wall is made up of chitin.
    Example – Aspergillus, Agaricus, Penicillium.
Characters of kingdom Plantae are:
  1. They are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.
  2. The cell membrane is surrounded by a thick cell wall of cellulose.
  3. Except a few aquatic life forms, plants are non-motile.
  4. They have different modes of nutrition: autotrophic, parasitic even insectivorous.
    Example – Mango, Cycas, Fern, Moss.
Characters of kingdom Animalia are:
  1. They are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms without cell wall.
  2. They show heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
  3. They can retract or expand with the help of muscles.
  4. They are consumers in-between producers and decomposers.
    Example – Fish, Frog, Earthworm, Man.

7. What are characters of kingdom plantae?
Answer
The kingdom Plantae has been divided into following groups:
Thallophyta
  1. They are consists of red, green and brown algae.
  2. Algae are of universal occurrence.
  3. Their body ranges from unicellular to multicellular colonies, filaments or sheets of cells.
  4. Vascular tissues are absent.
  5. Nutrition is generally autotrophic (through photosynthesis).
  6. Reproduction is vegetative or sexual.
Bryophyta
  1. It consists of liverworts and mosses.
  2. They are terrestrial, found in damp, shady places.
  3. Their life cycle has a long gametophytic phase and a short sporophytic phase.
  4. Liverworts have prostrate thalloid gametophytic body, but mosses have erect body.
  5. True roots are absent, but rhizoids presents.
  6. Vascular tissues are absent.
  7. Nutrition is generally autotrophic (through photosynthesis).
  8. Reproduction is vegetative or sexual.
Pteridophyta
  1. They include ferns, horse-tails and club mosses.
  2. They occur mainly in cool, shady and moist places.
  3. They are mostly terrestrial.
  4. They are perennial herbs with stem in the form of rhizome.
  5. Fibrous roots present.
  6. Their life cycle has a gametophytic phase and a short sporophytic phase.
  7. Vascular tissues are present.
  8. Nutrition is generally autotrophic (through photosynthesis).
  9. Reproduction is vegetative or sexual.
Spermatophyta
  1. They are the most successful terrestrial plants having seeds.
  2. They produce seeds (fertilized ovules).
  3. They are divided into two groups –
    (i) Gymnosperms -They bear naked seeds and lack flowers.
    Examples: Pine, Cycas
    (ii) Angiosperms – They produce seeds enclosed in ovary and flowers are present.
    Examples: Rose, Grass

8. Write down a flow chart showing subdivisions of kingdom Animalia.
Answer
Flow-Chart showing various sub-divisions of kingdom animalia

9. Name the various phyla of non-chordates with two examples.
Answer
The non-chordates are divided into nine phyla:
  1. Protozoa → Euglena, Amoeba
  2. Porifera → Sycon, Euplectella
  3. Coelenterata → Hydra, Physalia
  4. Plathyhelminthes → Fasciola, Dugesia
  5. Nemathelminthes → Ascaris, Wuchereria
  6. Annelida → Nereis, Hirudinaria
  7. Mollusca → Unio, Pila
  8. Arthropoda → Palemon, Periplaneta
  9. Echinodermata → Antedon, Echinus

10. Name the various classes of chordates with two examples.
Answer
The various classes of Chordata are:
  1. Pisces – Labeo (Rohu), Scoliodon (Dog fish)
  2. Amphibia – Rana (Frog), Hyla (Tree frog )
  3. Reptilia – Kanchuga (Tortoise), Naja naja ( Cobra)
  4. Aves – Columba (Pigeon), Pavo (Peacock)
  5. Mammalia – Elephas ( Elephant), Funambulas (Squirrel)

11. Write important characters of chordates? How do they differ from non-chordates?
Answer
Important chordate characters are:
  1. Presence of dorsal, hollow, tubular, nerve cord
  2. Presence of long notochord
  3. Presence of series of gill slits
Difference between Chordates and Non-chordates
Chordates Non-Chordates
Notochord is found in all stages of the life-cycle Notochord is not found in any stages of the life-cycle
Heart is situated on ventral side of the alimentary canal. Heart is poorly formed and if present it is situated on the dorsal side
Nervous system is situated on the dorsal side Nervous system is situated on the ventral side
RCBs are present in blood RCBs are absent in blood

12. Give four important characters of mammals.
Answer
Characters of mammals are:
  1. The females of this class are provided with mammary glands which produces milk to feed the young one.
  2. Body usually covered with hair, spines, scales, nail, hoof or horn.
  3. External ear or pinna is well-developed.
  4. They are warm-blooded.

13. Write two main characters of the following animals and name the phylum they belong to:
(a) Starfish
(b) Whale
(c) Jelly fish
(d) Cockroach
Answer
(a) Starfish belongs to phylum Echinodermata.
Two characters of starfish are:
  1. Spines found on the body which is covered by calcareous plates.
  2. Body is star shaped with five radiating areas called ambulacra with inter-ambulacra in between.
(b) Whale belongs to phylum Chordata.
Two characters of whale are:
  1. They are warm blooded marine animals.
  2. Heart is completely four-chambered.
(c) Jelly fish belongs to phylum Coelenterata.
Two characters of jelly fish are:
  1. Body diploblastic having outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis with gelatinous mesoglea.
  2. Tentacles are present around the mouth.
(d) Cockroach belongs to phylum Arthropoda.
Two characters of cockroach are:
  1. They have jointed legs.
  2. Their exoskeleton is made up of chitinous cuticle which is shed from time to time.

14. How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ?
Answer
Difference Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Seeds are naked  Seeds are enclosed in ovary
Flowers are absent Flowers are present
Reproductive orgas are in the form of cones Reproductive organ are flowers
Examples are Pine, Cycas, Taxus Examples are Rose, Sandal wood, Sunflower

15. Give two examples each of bryophyta and pteridophyta.
Answer
  1. Bryophyta – Liverwort and Moss.
  2. Pteridophyta – Fern and Horsetail.

16. Give the name of two animals that belong to phylum echinodermata.
Answer
Antedon (Sea lily) and Asterias (Star fish ).

17. Write the name of a mammal who lives in water.
Answer
Whale

18. Name any two animals which possess compound eyes.
Answer
Cockroach, crab

19. Write name of any poikilothermic animal.
Answer
Frog

20. Write the name of oviparous mammal
Answer
Echidna

21. Write zoological names of earthworm and roundworm.
Answer
Earthworm – Pheretima posthuma and
Roundworm – Ascaris

22. Match items in Column A with the appropriate items in Column B:

Column A

Column B

Cobra

Protozoa

Peacock

Amphibia

Earthworm

Annelida

Euglena

Reptilia

Frog

Porifera

Spongilla

Aves

Answer

Column A

Column B

Cobra

Reptilia

Peacock

Aves

Earthworm

Annelida

Euglena

Protozoa

Frog

Amphibia

Spongilla

Porifera

23. Which group of animals have following characteristics:
(a) Body segmented, jointed appendages and compound eyes.
(b) Multicellular body not organized into tissues.
(c) Body soft, covered by mantle and a calcareous shell.
Answer
(a) Arthropoda
(b) Porifera
(c) Mollusca

24. On the basis of characteristics given below, name the phyla:
(a) Unicellular, microscopic animals.
(b) Soft bodies, muscular foot, calcareous shell and presence of mantle.
(c) Body cylindrical, segmented, coelomate.
Answer
(a) Protozoa
(b) Mollusca
(c) Annelida

25. Give two examples of each of the following:

(a) Echinodermata
(b) Pisces
(c) Platyhelminthes
(d) Nemathelminthes
(e) Annelida
(f) Arthropoda

Answer
(a) Asterias (Star fish ), Echinus (Sea-urchin)
(b) Scoliodon (Dog fish), Labeo (Rohu)
(c) Fasciola ( Liver fluke), Taenia solium (Tapeworm)
(d) Ascaris ( Roundworm), Wuchereria (Filarial worm )
(e) Pheretima (Earthworm), Hirudinaria ( Leech )
(f) Palemon (Prawn), Periplaneta (Cockroach)

26. Name the phyla to which following animals belong:

(a) Leech
(b) Hydra
(c) Scorpion
(d) Starfish

Answer
(a) Annelida
(b) Coelenterata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Echinodermata

27. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The excretory organs of platyhelminthes are ______.
(b) Ascaris is the example of phylum ______.
(c) Nephridia are the excretory organs of ______.
(d) Bath sponge belongs to phylum ______.
(e) Dog fish belongs to phylum ______.
Answer
(a) Flame cells
(b) Nemathelminthes
(c) Annelida
(d) Porifera
(e) Chordata

28. Each question has four options. Choose the correct answer:

(i) Mosquito is included in insects because
(a) three pairs of legs are present.
(b) four pairs of legs are present.
(c) body is divisible into cephalothorax and abdomen.
(d) two pairs of legs are present.
Answer
(a) three pairs of legs are present.

(ii) Jelly-fish is classified in the phylum
(a) coelentrata
(b) mollusca
(c) pisces
(d) arthropoda
Answer
(a) coelentrata

(iii) The animal of phylum mollusca is
(a) scorpion
(b) Hydra
(c) octopus
(d) earthworm
Answer
(c) octopus

(iv) The animal of phylum protozoa is
(a) earthworm
(b) housefly
(c) paramoecium
(d) sponge
Answer
(c) paramoecium

(v) The animal of class pisces is
(a) jelly-fish
(b) starfish
(c) hippocampus
(d) whale
Answer
(c) hippocampus

(vi) Which of the following is not a helminth parasite?
(a) Scorpion
(b) Wuchereria
(c) Ascaris
(d) Oxyuris
Answer
(a) Scorpion

(vii) Whittaker is famous
(a) for two kingdom classification.
(b) for five kingdom classification.
(c) for four kingdom classification.
(d) to tell the differences between bacteria and blue-green algae.
Answer
(b) for five kingdom classification

(viii) Protista is the link between
(a) prokaryotic and multicellular eukaryotic cell
(b) virus and bacteria
(c) bacteria and green algae
(d) dianoflagellates and zooflagellates
Answer
(a) prokaryotic and multicellular eukaryotic cell

(ix) Multicellular producers are
(a) protista
(b) animal
(c) fungi
(d) plant
Answer
(d) plant

(x) 'Systema naturae' has been written by
(a) John Ray
(b) Darwin
(c) C. Linnaeus
(d) Theophrastus
Answer
(d) C. Linnaeus

(xi) Binomial Nomenclature was proposed by
(a) Benthum Hooker
(b) Hutchinson
(c) Englar and Prantle
(d) Carolus Linnaeus
Answer
(c) Carolus Linnaeus
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