Frank Chapter 13 Health ICSE Solutions Class 10 Biology

Frank Solutions for Chapter 13 Health Class 10 Biology ICSE

Exercise

1. Define the following:.
(i) Disease

(ii) Health
(iii) Vaccinations

(iv) Immunity
(v) Antiseptic

(vi) Cancer
(vii) Allergy

(viii) Hypersensitivity
(ix) Immunization

(x) Disinfectant
(xi) Penicillin

(xii) Sulfonamide drugs
(xiii) Acquired disease

(xiv) Prophylaxis
(xv) Antibiotic
Answer

(i) Disease: Any physical or physiological disorder in normal functioning of any organ or part of body is called disease.

(ii) Health: Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well being.

(iii) Vaccinations: It is the practice of introducing vaccine (weaken or killed germs) into the body to develop immunity to a particular disease.

(iv) Immunity: It is the ability of the body to resist microorganisms that enter the body
and thus prevent diseases.

(v) Antiseptic: Antiseptics are chemicals applied on the body to prevent the growth of
microorganisms.

(vi) Cancer: Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body.

(vii) Allergy: Allergy is a hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to a particular allergen such as drugs, pollens or microorganisms.

(viii) Hypersensitivity: It refers to undesirable and excessive reactions in response to an allergen produced by the normal immune system.

(ix) Immunization: It is the process by which the body is protected against disease by inoculating the person with vaccine.

(x) Disinfectant: Disinfectants are chemicals applied on the spots to prevent the growth of microorganisms.

(xi) Penicillin: It is an antibiotic which was discovered firstly from a fungus , Penicillium notatum.

(xii) Sulphonamide drugs: Sulphonamide drugs are a group of synthetic drugs which prevent the growth and multiplication of bacteria. They are commonly called as sulpha drugs.

(xiii) Acquired disease: Acquired diseases are those diseases which are caused by a pathogen or deficiency diseases.

(xiv) Prophylaxis: A prophylaxis is a measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.

(xv) Antibiotic: Antibiotics are the chemical substances formed from microorganisms which kill or prevent the growth of disease causing microbes.

2. Differentiate between the following:
(i) Antigen and Antibody
(ii) Antiseptic and Antibiotics
(iii) Serum and Plasma
(iv) Toxins and Antitoxins
(v) Vaccination and Sterilization
(vi) Disinfectant and Antiseptic
(vii) Active immunity and Passive immunity
(viii) Acquired disease and Congenital disease
Answer

(i) Difference between Antigen and Antibody

Antigen	Antibody
Antigens are any foreign particles or pathogens which stimulate the production of antibodies	Antibodies are substances occurring naturally or produced in response to the presence of an antigen.

(ii) Difference between Antiseptic and antibiotics

Antiseptic	Antibiotics
Antiseptics are the chemical applied on the body to kill the microorganisms.	Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms, which inhibit the growth of another microorganism.

(iii) Difference between Serum and Plasma

Serum	Plasma
It is a pale yellow coloured liquid which separates from blood clot after it has undergone coagulation.	It is the liquid portion of blood containing fibrinogen and other organic and inorganic substances.

(iv) Difference between Toxins and Antitoxins

Toxins	Antitoxins
It is the poisonous substances secreted by germs.	It is the chemical substances formed from microorganisms which are used against toxic substances in the body.

(v) Difference between Vaccination and Sterilization

Vaccination	Sterilization
It is the practice of introducing vaccine into the body to develop immunity to a particular disease.	It is the process of killing pathogens by heat radiation or chemicals.

(vi) Difference between Disinfectant and Antiseptic

Disinfectant	Antiseptic
The chemical applied on the spot to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.	The chemical which is applied on the body to kill microorganisms.

(vii) Difference between Active immunity and Passive immunity

Active immunity	Passive immunity
It is a type of immunity produced by one's own body and induced by infection or vaccination of weakened germs and antigen.	It is a type of immunity received from outside and provided by readymade antibodies.

(viii) Difference between Acquired disease and Congenital disease

Acquired disease	Congenital disease
Acquired diseases are those diseases which are caused by a pathogen or deficiency of nutrients. Example : Cancer	Congenital diseases are those diseases which are present from the birth of an individual. Example : Down's syndrome

 

3. What is artificial respiration?
Answer

Artificial Respiration: It is a method of first-aid used to restore or maintain respiration in a person who has stopped breathing. The method uses mechanical or manual means to force air into and out of the lungs in a rhythmic fashion.

4. What is DPT?
Answer

DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus.

5. What is haptene?
Answer

Antigens, that cannot stimulate the immune system of the body of a person, are called haptene.

6. Name any three germ killing secretions of our body.
Answer

The three germ killing secretions of our body are:

1. Mucus secretions from windpipe
2. Hydrochloric secretions from stomach
3. Tears from eyes.

7. What does BCG stand for?
Answer

BCG stands for: Bacillus Calmette Guerin.

8. Define giving one example of each:
(i) Antiseptic
(ii) Antibiotic
Answer

(i) Antiseptic: Antiseptic are mild chemical applied on the body to kill the microorganisms. Example: Halogens (I)
(ii) Antibiotic: Antibiotic is a natural chemical substance produced by a microorganism, which inhibits or kills another microorganism. Example: Penicillin

9. Give the appropriate term for the following:
(i) Providing readymade antibodies from outside for treating certain infectious diseases.
(ii) Mild chemical applied on the skin to kill germs.
Answer

(i) Passive acquired immunity
(ii) Antiseptics
 

10. Complete the following statement choosing the correct alternative:
Penicillin obtained from a fungus is an ______. (antiseptic/ antibody/ antibiotic)
Answer

antibiotic

11. Describe briefly the functions of an antiseptic.
Answer

Antiseptics are the chemical substances applied on the body to destroy or prevent the growth of microbes. It is harmless to skin and body. For example Alcohols, halogens can be used as antiseptic on skin.

12. Name any two international health organisations.
Answer

The two international health organisations are: WHO and Red Cross.

13. Define vaccination.
Answer

Vaccination: It is the practice of artificially introducing the germs or the germ substances into the body for developing resistance to particular disease.

14. Explain briefly the role of the following aids:
(i) Disinfectants
(ii) Penicillin
(iii) Sulphonamide
(iv) Vaccines
Answer

(i) Disinfectants: Disinfectants are chemicals applied on the spots to prevent the growth of microorganisms. It is a strong germ-killing substance. But it may cause harm to skin and body. Example: Lysol, DDT etc.

(ii) Penicillin: Penicillin is the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming. It is obtained from Penicillium notatum. It has a very high therapeutic value and used against a number of gram positive bacteria including those causing Rheumatic fever , pneumonia , sore throat etc.

(iii) Sulphonamide: Sulphonamide popularly called sulpha drugs are a group of synthetic drugs which possess bacteriostatic property because they are able to block the enzyme system of bacteria.

(iv) Vaccines: Vaccine is a preparation consisting of dead or weaken microbes which help to build immunity in the human body .When introduced in an individual, a vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies against the particular type of germs.

15. Fill in the blanks:

(i) Antibodies are ______.
(ii) Antibodies are produced on exposure to ______.
(iii) ______ is an antibiotic, used to treat diseases like pneumonia and ______.
Answer

(i) proteins that react with antigens or invading germs
(ii) antigen
(iii) Penicillin, rheumatic fever

16. Mention if the following statements are true or false:

(i) DDT is a disinfectant.

True

(ii) Penicillin is a disinfectant.

False

(iii) Chemicals applied to spots and places to kill harmful microorganism are called disinfectants.

True

(iv) Our body can make only a limited variety of different antibodies.

True

(v) Salk vaccine is used against tuberculosis.

False

(vi) Active immunity means that antibodies are produced by the individual itself.

True

(vii) Passive immunity develops after having a disease.

False

(viii) WHO procures and provides blood to victims of war.

True

17. 
1. (a) Plasma Protein
2. (b) destroy micro-organisms
3. (a) I
4. (c) Jenner
5. (c) Tuberculosis
6. (d) 1985
7. (b) eradicating Polio by 2000.
8. (c) diphtheria
9. (b) virus
10. (c) Small Pox