Frank Solutions for Chapter 5.2 Change of State and Latent Heat Class 10 Physics ICSE
Exercises
1. Define specific heat. Is it same as heat capacity?
Answer
Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance through 1°C.
It is not same as heat capacity.
It is not same as heat capacity.
2.Write the SI unit of specific heat.
Answer
SI unit of specific heat is J kg-1K-1.
3. Name the physical quantity which has its unit as j/(kg)/(K).
Answer
Specific Heat.
4. State the principle of calorimetry.
Answer
Principle of Calorimetry:
When a hot body is mixed or kept in contact with a cold body, there is a transfer of heat from hot body to cold body such that
Total heat gained by colder body = Total heat lost by the hot body,
if there is no loss of heat to the surroundings.
When a hot body is mixed or kept in contact with a cold body, there is a transfer of heat from hot body to cold body such that
Total heat gained by colder body = Total heat lost by the hot body,
if there is no loss of heat to the surroundings.
5. What do you mean by thermal capacity?
Answer
Thermal capacity of a body is the quantity of heat required to raise its temperature by 1°C.
6. The product of mass and specific heat is known as ..........
Answer
The product of mass and specific heat is known as heat capacity.
7. Does the specific heat depend upon the temperature?
Answer
No, specific heat does not depend on temperature. It is constant for a substance.
8. Why does a copper rod become warmer than an aluminium rod of the same mass, when put in the sun for the same length of time?
Answer
Copper road becomes warmer than an aluminium rod of the same mass because copper has lower heat capacity than aluminium.
9. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body by 1°C is called .........
Answer
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body by 1oC is called Heat capacity.
10. Name the physical quantity which has its unit as J/°C.
Answer
Heat capacity has units J/oC.
11. What is the value of specific heat of water?
Answer
Specific heat of water is 4200 J kg-1K-1.
12. The substances like water which have ........... Heat capacity warm up more slowly than substances like iron which have .......... heat capacity.
Answer
The substances like water which have high heat capacity warm up more slowly than substances like iron which have low heat capacity.
13. What do you mean by latent heat?
Answer
Latent heat is the quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a change of state, such as ice changing to water or water to steam, at constant temperature.
14. Write the SI unit of latent heat.
Answer
SI unit of latent heat is J/kg.
15. What do you mean by the statement?
'The specific latent heat capacity of fusion of ice is 336 J per g'?
Answer
It means that 1 g of ice at 0oC absorbs 336 J of heat energy to convert into water at 0oC.
16. When a liquid is solidified, it many either expand or contract. As water freezes to form ice it _____ and _____ in volume by _____ per cent.
Answer
When a liquid is solidified, it may either expand or contract. As water freezes to form ice it expands and increases in volume by 10 per cent.
17. What is the effect of impurities on the melting point of ice?
Answer
The melting point of ice decreases on addition of impurities in it.
18. What is the effect of pressure on the melting point of ice?
Answer
The melting point of substances which contract on melting (like ice) decreases by the increase in pressure.
19. What do you mean by regelation?
Answer
Regelation is the phenomenon of melting under pressure and freezing again when the pressure is reduced.
20. What do you understand by the latent heat of vaporization?
Answer
The amount of heat required to change a liquid at its boiling point to vapour at the same temperature is called its latent heat of vaporization.
21. What is the effect of pressure on the boiling point of water?
Answer
The boiling point of a liquid increases with the increase in pressure and decreases with the decrease in pressure.
22. What is the latent heat of fusion of ice?
Answer
The latent heat of fusion of ice is the amount of heat energy required to change ice at 0oC into water at the same temperature.
23. What is the latent heat of vaporization of steam?
Answer
The latent heat of vaporization of steam is the amount of heat energy required to change water at 100oC to steam at the same temperature.
24. The physical quantity which does not change during change of state is ............. of the body.
Answer
The physical quantity which does not change during change of state is temperature of the body.
25. Why does ice appear colder than water at 0°C?
Answer
1 kg of ice at 0°C absorbs 336000 J of heat energy to convert into water at 0°C. Therefore,1 kg of water at 0oC has 336000 J heat energy more than 1 kg ice at 0oC. So, ice appears colder than water.
26. Why does cause more severe burns than water at 1000C?
Answer
Steam causes more severe burns than water at 100oC because every gram of steam gives out 2260 J of heat energy while condensing. This much quantity of heat is additional to the heat contained in 1 g of boiling water.
27. What is the unit of heat capacity in CGS system?
Answer
The unit of heat capacity in CGS system is calorie/°C.
28. 1 cal g-1 °C-1 = ........... J kg-1 °C-1.
Answer
1 cal g-1 °C-1 = 239 J kg-1 °C-1
29. The specific heat of body is 0.2 cal g-1 °C-1. What is the meaning of this statement?
Answer
This means that 0.2 cal g-1 °C-1 of heat is required to raise the temperature of 1g of the body by 1°C.
30. The specific heat of a substance of mass 100 g is 0.04 cal g-1 0C-1. What is its heat capacity?
Answer
m = 100 g
C = 0.04 cal g-1°C-1
Heat capacity = m×C = 4 cal °C-1
Heat capacity = m×C = 4 cal °C-1
31. Write down the relation between specific heat and heat capacity.
Answer
Heat capacity = mass × specific heat capacity
32. Does specific heat depend upon the mass of a substance?
Answer
No, specific heat does not depend on mass of a substance. It is constant for a substance.
33. How much is the specific heat of water in SI units?
Answer
Specific heat of water in SI units is 4200 J kg-1 K-1.
34. Name the substance that has the maximum value of specific heat.
Answer
Ammonia has the maximum value of specific heat.
35. State the factors on which heat gained or lost by a substance depends.
Answer
Heat gained or lost by a substance depends on the mass of the substance and the nature of the substance.
36. Why is the ocean known as storehouse of heat energy?
Answer
Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface, making them the world's largest solar collectors. The sun's heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference creates heat energy. Thus, oceans are known as storehouse of heat energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world.
37. Why do we use water as a cooling agent in the radiators of automobiles?
Answer
Water has a high specific heat capacity. So, water extracts much heat without much rise in temperature. By allowing water to flow in radiator pipes of the vehicles, heat energy form such parts is removed. Hence, it is used as a cooling agent in the radiators of automobiles.
38. What is meant by change of state?
Answer
A change of state is a change in the object from a solid to liquid or from a solid to gas or from liquid to solid. Ice changing into water is an example of a change in state.
39. State whether heat energy is absorbed or released during melting of ice.
Answer
Heat energy is absorbed during melting of ice.
40. State whether heat energy is absorbed or released during freezing of ice.
Answer
Heat energy is released during freezing of ice.
41. Temperature ............ When ice melts at 0°C.
Answer
Temperature remains constant when ice melts at 0°C.
42. Why does the temperature of a substance remain constant during the process of melting?
Answer
The molecules in a solid are held by strong intermolecular bonds. For the solid to melt, these bonds have to be broken. Since energy is needed to break the intermolecular bonds, the thermal energy supplied at the melting point is used to do the work to break the intermolecular bonds between the molecules of the solid. Once the intermolecular bonds are broken, the molecules can then move out of their fixed positions. Hence it can then be said that the solid has melted, which is the change of state from solid to liquid. This explains why temperature remains constant during the melting phases.
43. Why does the temperature of a substance remain constant during the process of boiling?
Answer
Whenever a substance goes through a phase change (like boiling), the energy goes into breaking up the interactions between molecules, and so the temperature stays constant until all the interactions are broken. Once whole of the substance has boiled, then any added heat will act to raise them temperature again.
44. Atmosphere is usually warm during snowfall. Why?
Answer
Atmosphere is usually warm during snowfall because each kilogram of ice on melting absorbs 336000 J of heat from atmosphere.
45. Find the amount of heat required to convert 2 g of ice at 0°C into water at 0°C. Latent heat of fusion of ice= 336 Jg-1.
Answer
Latent heat of fusion of ice, L = 336 J/g
Mass of ice, m = 2g
Amount of heat required convert 2g of ice at 0°C into water at 0°C = m ×L
= 2 × 336 = 672 J
Mass of ice, m = 2g
Amount of heat required convert 2g of ice at 0°C into water at 0°C = m ×L
= 2 × 336 = 672 J
46. Find the amount of heat required to convert 100 g of water at 1000C into steam at 100×C. Latent heat of vapourisation of water is 540 calg-1.
Answer
Latent heat of vapourisation of water, L=540 cal/g
Mass of water, m=100g
Amount of heat required convert 100g of water at 100°C into steam at 100°C = m×L
= 100×540 = 5.4 kJ
47. It is much easier to skate on rough ice than on glass. Give reasons.
Answer
Ice melts under pressure. So, when the steel blades of the skates pressed on the ice, the ice melts. The water formed makes the skates slide easily over the ice, reducing friction. So, when we are skating on ice, we are skating on a thin film of water, which acts like lubricating oil. Nothing such happens in case of glass.
48. Bottled drinks are cooled more effectively when surrounded by lamps of ice than by cold water at 0°C. Why?
Answer
Bottled drinks are cooled more effectively when surrounded by lumps of ice than by cold water at 0°C because ice appears colder than water at 0°C.
49. A substance is heated at a constant rate from a low temperature to a high temperature. A graph of temperature against time is shown in the figure. Which part or parts of the graph correspond(s) to the substance existing in two states?
Answer
Parts AB and CD correspond to the substance existing in two states.
50. A solid is heated at a constant rate in an insulated container till half of it vaporizes. Which of the following graphs show the temperature changes during this time?
Answer
(e) The first time when temperature is constant represents change of state from solid to liquid and the second time temperature is constant represents change of state from liquid to vapour.
51. The graph given below represents a cooling curve fore a substance being cooled from a higher temperature to a lower temperature.
(a)What is the boiling point of the substance?
(b)What happens in the region DE?
(c)What is the melting point of the substance?
(b)What happens in the region DE?
(c)What is the melting point of the substance?
Answer
(a) Boiling point of substance is 150°C (because the part BC represents condensation where the vapour changes into liquid without the change in temperature.
(b) DE represents freezing of the substance where the liquid changes into solid at a constant temperature of 100°C.
(c) Melting point is the temperature of the region DE where liquid changes into solid i.e.,100°C.
(b) DE represents freezing of the substance where the liquid changes into solid at a constant temperature of 100°C.
(c) Melting point is the temperature of the region DE where liquid changes into solid i.e.,100°C.
52. A slab of ice at -50°C is constantly heated till the steam attains a temperature of 150°C. Draw a graph showing the change of temperature with time. Label the various parts of graph properly.
Answer
53. A piece of ice is heated at a constant rate. The variation in temperature with time of heating is shown in the graph (see fig. 12).
(i) What is represented by AB?
(ii) What does CD represent?
(iii) What conclusion can you draw regarding the nature of ice from the graph below?
(ii) What does CD represent?
(iii) What conclusion can you draw regarding the nature of ice from the graph below?
Answer
- AB represents the change of state from solid to liquid i.e., AB represents melting of ice at 0°C.
- CD represents the change of state from liquid to vapour i.e., CD represents boiling of water at 100°C.
- The ice initially is in solid state at -10°C. On heating, its temperature rises to 0°C. It then takes some heat at 0°C to melt in water at 0°C which is its latent heat.