Selina Chapter 4 Atoms, Molecules and Radicals Questions Answers Class 7 Chemistry

ICSE Solutions for Chapter 4 Atoms, Molecules and Radicals Class 7 Chemistry Selina Publisher

Exercise

1. Define the following terms:

a. Atoms

b. Molecule

c. Radicals

d. Valency

e. Periodic Table

Answer

a. Atom: An atom is the smallest indivisible unit of an

OR

Atom is the smallest unit of matter.

b. Molecule: Molecule is the smallest unit of a compound (or an element) which always has an independent existence.

c. Radicals: A radical is an atom of an element or a group of atoms of different elements that behaves as a single unit with a positive or negative charge on it.

d. Valency: It is the number of electrons donated or accepted by the valence shell of an atom during chemical combination.

e. Periodic table: It represents the tabular arrangement of elements in horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups in order to classify the elements and their systematic study.

2. Write the names of the elements present in the following compounds.

Answer

a. Common salt : Sodium, chlorine.

b. Ammonia : Nitrogen, hydrogen.

c. Sulphuric acid : Hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen.

d. Glucose : Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

e. Sodium hydroxide : Sodium, oxygen, hydrogen.

f. Acetic acid : Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

3. What does each of the following represent ?

a. 2CO₂ 

b. 2H₂S 

c. 5H₂SO₄  

d. 6NaNO₃  

Answer

a. 2CO₂ = 2 molecules of carbon dioxide.

b. 2H₂S = 2 molecules of hydrogen sulphide.

c. 5H₂SO₄ = 5 molecules of sulphuric acid.

d. 6NaNO₃ = 6 molecules of sodium nitrate.

4. Write the symbols and valencies of the following radicals:

Answer

Element	Symbol	Valencies
(a) Magnesium ion	Mg2+	2
(b) Ammonium	NH+4	1
(c) Carbonate	CO2-3	2
(d) Nitrate	NO-3	1
(e) Oxide	O2-	2
(f) Bisulphate	HSO-3	1
(g) Aluminium ion	Al3+	3

5. Name the following radicals :

Answer

1. SO₄^2- = Sulphate
2. HCO_3- = Bicarbonate
3. OH - = Hydroxide
4. Cr₂O₇^2- = Dichromate

6. 1. Name one ion for each of the valencies +1, +2 and +3.

2. Name one ion for each of the valencies-1, -2 and -3.

Answer

1. +1 = Sodium Na⁺
   +2 = Calcium Ca²⁺
   +3 = Aluminium Al³⁺
2. -1 = Chlorine Cl^-
   -2 = Oxygen O^2-
   -3 = Nitrogen N^3-

7. The valency of calcium is 2. Write the valencies of other radical in the following :

i. CaO

ii. Ca(OH)₂ 

iii. CaCO₃ 

iv. CaCl₂ 

Answer

i. O= 2

ii. OH = 1

iii. CO₃ = 2

iv. Cl = l

8. Write the names of the following compounds :

Answer

Compound	Name
(a) (NH4)2SO4	Ammonium Sulphate
(b) Ca(NO3)2	Calcium Nitrate
(c)FeS	Iron Sulphide
(d) Na3PO4	Sodium Phosphate
(e) NH4OH	Ammonium Hydroxide
(f) CuCO3	Copper Carbonate
(g) HgO	Mercuric Oxide
(h) ZnCl2	Zinc Chloride
(i) ZnS	Zinc Sulphide
(j) H2S	Hydrogen Sulphide

9. Write the molecular formulae of: 

Answer

Compound	Molecular Formula
(a) Sodium sulphide	Na2S
(b) Magnesium oxide	MgO
(c) Calcium hydroxide	Ca(OH)2
(d) Hydrogen chloride	HCl
(e) Sulphuric acid	H2SO4
(f) Iron (II) sulphide	FeS
(g) Iron (III) sulphate	Fe2(SO4)3
(h) Nitric acid	HNO3
(i) Calcium phosphate	Ca3(PO4)2
(j) Aluminium sulphate	AlSO4
(k) Magnesium nitride	Mg3N2

10. The valency of sodium is one, write the molecular formula for the following compounds of sodium.

1. sodium oxide:
2. sodium sulphate: 
3. sodium carbonate: 
4. sodium hydroxide: 
5. sodium nitrate:

Answer 

1. Na₂O
2. Na₂SO₄
3. Na₂CO₃ 
4. NaOH
5. NaNO₂ 

11. What is variable valency? Give two examples of elements showing variable valency.

Answer

There are some elements with more than one valency. They are said to have variable valency, e.g. Iron, copper.

12. Give the group number of following elements present in periodic table

a. Magnesium : IIA

b. Carbon : IVA

c. Sulphur : VIA

d. Neon : Zero

13. An element belongs to group VA. What would be its valency? Name two such elements.

Answer

Elements of group VA has valency 3.

Two elements are Nitrogen and phosphorus.

14. An element belongs to group II. What would be its valency? Write the formula of molcules of compounds it will form with elements in VA, VIA and VIIA groups.

Answer

Objective Type Questions

1. Fill in the blanks:

a. Atoms are ______

b. An ion with positive charge is called ______

c. An ion with negative charge is called _____

d. 2H₂ means two _______ of hydrogen.

e. ______ is a triatomic molecule.

f. Metals have _____ valency.

g. Chemical name of caustic soda is _____

Answer

a. neutral.

b. cation.

c. anion.

d. atoms 

e. ozone

f. variable

g. sodium hydroxide NaOH.

2. Tick (√) the correct answer.

(i) The valency of iron in Fe203 is

a.  1

b. 2

c. 3 

d. 4 

Answer 

c. 3 

(ii) Which of the following has valency 4 ?

a. aluminium

b. oxygen

c. carbon

d. phosphorus

Answer 

d. phosphorus

(iii) The sulphate radical is written as SO₄^2- . What is the formula of calcium sulphate ?

a. Ca(SO₄)₂      

b. Ca₂(SO₄)

c. Ca(SO₄)₃  

d. CaSO₄  

Answer 

d. CaSO₄  

(d) Which of the following exhibit variable valency ?

a. calcium

b. copper

c. carbon

d. chlorine

Answer 

b. copper 

3. State the term for the following:

a. The number of atoms present in a molecule of an element.

b. The symbolic representation of a molecule.

c. A group of atoms that react as a single unit.

d. The combining capacity of an element.

e. The tabular arrangement of elements in horizontal rows and vertical columns.

Answer 

a. atomicity

b. molecule

c. molecule

d. valency

e. periodic table

Additional Questions

1. Define the following terms:

a. Ions: An atom which becomes charged by losing or gaining electrons is called an ion.

b. Chemical bond: A chemical bond is the binding force between two or more atoms of a molecule.

c. Atomic number: Atomic number refers to the number of protons present in an atom. It is denoted by Z.

d. Mass number: Mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom. It is denoted by A.

e. Relative atomic mass: Relative atomic mass is the mass of an atom of an element as a multiple of the standard atomic mass unit.

2. Answer the following questions.

1.What does an atom consist of ? Explain.

Answer

An atom consists protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged, electrons have negative charge while neutrons have no charge.

2. Give the charge and the mass of an electron, proton and neutron present in an atom.

Answer 

Particle	Charge	Mass
(i) Proton	Positive	One atomic mass unit. (amu)
(ii) Electron	Negative	1/1837 times the mass of one hydrogen atom.
(iii) Neutron	No charge	One atomic mass unit, equal to mass of proton.

3. Name two particles found inside the nucleus. What are they collectively called ?

Answer 

Protons and Neutrons. Mass number.

4. (a) Name the particles which revolve around the nucleus.

(b) What are orbits or shells ?

(c) What is the maximum number of electrons present in:

1. first shell
2. second shell
3. third shell and
4. fourth shell

(d) The maximum number of electrons, an atom can have in the outermost shell.

Answer 

(a) Electron.

(b) The fixed circular paths along which electrons revolve round the nucleus.

(c) First Shell (K) = 2, Second Shell (L) = 8, Third Shell (M) = 18, Fourth (d) = 8, 

(d) Shell (N) = 32

5. Elements X and Y have 1 and 7 electrons in their outermost shell respectively.

a. Which element will lose electron ? 

b. Which element will gain electron ? 

c. Which will form positive ion ? 

d. Which will form negative ion ? 

e. What will be the charge present of the molecule XY after chemical combination ? 

Answer 

a. x

b. y

c. x

d. y

e. electrically neutral

6. (a) What is the number of electrons donated by a magnesium atom and number of electrons accepted by a sulphur atom during their chemical combination?

(b) How many units of charge are developed on each atom ?

(c) What is the number of electrons after the transfer of electrons in magnesium and sulphur atoms.

(d) Diagrammatically represent the transfer of electrons.

Answer 

(a) Two, Two

(b) Two

(c) Eight

(d)

3. What do you understand by the following terms valency, valence electrons and valence shell ?

Answer 

• Valency: The capacity of the atom of an element to form chemical bonds.
• Valence electrons: The electrons present in the valence shell are called valence electrons.
• Valence shell: The outer most shell of an atom is known as its valence shell.

4. Name the following radicals and give their valencies :

i. SO₄  

ii. CO₃  

iii. OH

iv. Cr₂O₇  

Answer 

Radicals	Valency
(i) Sulphate SO4	2
(ii) Carbonate CO3	2
(iii) Hydroxide OH	1
(iv) Dichromate Cr2O7	2

5. (i) What is variable valency ?

(ii) Give three examples of elements having variable valency.

Answer 

(i) Variable valency: There are some elements with more than one valency. They are said to have variable valency.

(ii) Example: iron, copper, tin, lead

6. (i) Name three elements each whose ions have valency +1, +2 and +3 respectively.

(ii) Name three non-metals/radicals which have valency -1, -2, and -3.

Answer 

1. +1 = Hydrogen, Sodium, Potassium.
   +2 = Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc.
   +3 = Aluminium, Chromium, Ferric [Fe (III)]
2. -1 = Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine.
   -2 = Oxide, Sulphide, Sulphate.
   -3 = Nitrogen, Nitride Phosphate.

7. Define:

(a) Ionic bond

(b) Covalent bond

Answer  

(a) Ionic bond: A bond formed by transfer of electrons between atoms is called ionic bond.

(b) Covalent bond: When atoms of different non-metals neither donate nor accept electrons and hence no ions are formed, such a bond is called covalent bond.

8. Give two examples for each of ionic and covalent bond.

Answer 

Example of ionic bonds: Sodium chloride and calcium oxide.

Example of covalent bond: Water, carbon dioxide.

9. Write electronic configuration of oxygen, fluorine, sodium, silicon, argon.

Answer 

Element	At. Number	Electronic configuration
		K   L    M   N
i. Oxygen	8	2    6
ii. Fluorine	9	2    7
iii. Sodium	11	2     8    1
iv. Silicon	14	2     8    4
v. Argon	18	2     8    8

 

10. Who originated the word ‘atom’ ?

Answer

Democritus

11. What does the word ‘atom’ mean ?

Answer

“atom” means ‘indivisible”

12. State Dalton’s atomic theory.

Answer 

1. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms
2. Atoms are indivisible.
3. Atom can be neither be created nor destroyed.
4. Atoms of same element are identical in mass and properties
5. Atoms of different elements differ in mass and properties

13. How did Neils Bohr visualise the atom ?

Ans. 

Niels Bohr explained that atom is like a solar system with an empty space with a minute central nucleus, like Sun and electrons life planets revolve around it.

14. Name the particle or particles you would expect to find in :

a. The orbit of an atom: 

b. The nucleus of an atom: 

Answer 

a. electrons

b. protons and neutrons

15. An atom has 13 protons and 14 neutrons.

a. What is the atomic number of the atom ?

b. How many electrons would be present in this atom ? 

c. What is the atomic mass of the atom ? 

Answer 

a.  13

b.  13

c.  27

16. Define :

1. Atom

2. Atomic Number

3. Mass Number

4. Atomic Weight

Answer

1. An Atom: Smallest particle of an element that can exist and have properties of an element.
2. Atomic number: Number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.
3. Mass number: Number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.
4. Atomic weight: It is the ratio that tells how many times an atom of an element is heavier than atom of Hydrogen.

17. A certain particle ‘X’ has 17 protons, 18 electrons and 20 neutrons.

1. 1. What is such a particle called?
2. 2. What is the mass number of X?
3. 3. What is the atomic number of X?
4. 4. Does the particle have an excess of electrons or a deficiency of electrons?
5. 5. What is the charge on the particle?

Answer

1. Anion
2. 35
3. 17
4. Excess of electrons
5. -1 (negative)

18. Fill in the blanks :

a. If an atom gains an electron, it is called an ______

b. If an atom loses an electron, it acquires _____ a charge.

c. A charged particle is called an ______

d. An _____ is electrically neutral.

e. An excess of electrons produces a _____ charge.

f. A deficiency of electrons produces a ______ charge.

Answer 

a. anion

b. positive

c. ion

d. atom

e. negative

f. positive