ICSE Solutions for Chapter 2 Motion Class 7 Physics Selina Publisher
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(b) The motion in a _______ is rectilinear
(c) One to and fro motion of a clock pendulum takes time = _______
(e) The weight of a girl is 36 kgf. Her mass will be _______ .
(f) The weight of a body is measured using a ________.
(b) The motion in a straight line is rectilinear
(c) One to and fro motion of a clock pendulum takes time = 2 s
(e) The weight of a girl is 36 kgf. Her mass will be 36 kg.
(f) The weight of a body is measured using a spring balance.
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Examples of motion |
Type/type of motion |
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Soldiers in a march past on a straight road |
______ |
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The movement of our chest while breathing |
______ |
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Hands of an athlete in a race |
______ |
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Pedal of a bicycle in motion |
______ |
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Motion of earth around the sun |
______ |
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Motion of a swing |
______ |
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Motion of a pendulum |
______ |
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A stone falling from a certain height |
______ |
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A plucked string of a sitar |
______ |
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A car moving on a straight |
______ |
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Motion of a train on a straight bridge |
______ |
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Motion of a spinning wheel |
______ |
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The movement of the wheel of a bicycle |
______ |
Answer
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Examples of motion |
Type/type of motion |
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Soldiers in a march past on a straight road |
Rectilinear |
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The movement of our chest while breathing |
Vibratory |
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Hands of an athlete in a race |
Oscillatory |
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Pedal of a bicycle in motion |
Circular |
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Motion of earth around the sun |
Circular |
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Motion of a swing |
Oscillatory |
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Motion of a pendulum |
Oscillatory |
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A stone falling from a certain height |
Rectilinear |
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A plucked string of a sitar |
Vibratory |
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A car moving on a straight |
Circular |
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Motion of a train on a straight bridge |
Curvilinear |
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Motion of a spinning wheel |
Rotatory |
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The movement of the wheel of a bicycle |
Translatory |
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Column A |
Column B |
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(a) Circular motion |
(i) a running fan |
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(b) Periodic motion |
(ii) a car moving in a market |
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(c) Vibratory motion |
(iii) revolution of earth around the sun |
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(d) Rotatory motion |
(iv) motion of wire of a guitar |
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(e) Non uniform motion |
(v) motion of pendulum of a clock |
Answer
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Column A |
Column B |
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(a) Circular motion |
(iii) revolution of earth around the sun |
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(b) Periodic motion |
(v) motion of pendulum of a clock |
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(c) Vibratory motion |
(iv) motion of wire of a guitar |
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(d) Rotatory motion |
(i) a running fan |
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(e) Non uniform motion |
(ii) a car moving in a market |
4. Select the correct alternative
(a) A book lying on a table is an example of
1. a body at rest
2. a body in motion
3. a body neither at rest nor in motion
4. none of these
Answer
1. a body at rest
(b) The motion of a pendulum is
1. rotatory
2. oscillatory
3. curvilinear
4. rectilinear
Answer
2. oscillatory
(c) A car moving on a straight road is an example of
1. rotatory motion
2. rectilinear motion
3. oscillatory motion
4. periodic motion
Answer
2. rectilinear motion
(d) A ball falls down vertically. Its motion is
1. periodic
2. linear
3. circular
4. vibratory
Answer
2. linear
(e) If a body covers equal distance in equal interval of time, the motion is said to be
1. uniform
2. non-uniform
3. oscillatory
4. rotatory
Answer
1. uniform
(f) A boy goes from his house to school by bus at a speed of 20 km h-1 and returns back through the same route at a speed of 30 km h-1. The average speed of his journey is
1. 24km h-1
2. 25 km h-1
3. 30 km h-1
4. 20 km h-1
Answer
1. 24 kmh-1
(g) The earth attracts a body of mass 1 kg with a force of 10 N. The mass of a boy is 50 kg. His weight will be
1. 50 kg
2. 500 N
3. 50 N
4. 5 N
Answer
2. 500 N
B. Short/Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the meaning of the terms rest and motion.
Answer
Rest: A body is said to be at rest if it does not change its position with respect to its immediate surroundings.
Motion: A body is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to its immediate surroundings.
2. Comment on the statement ‘rest and motion are relative terms’. Give an example.
Answer
Imagine you are sitting inside a moving bus. When you look outside you will observe that you are moving. Now look to the roof of the bus. With respect to the roof of bus, you are at rest. Hence, it is concluded that rest and motion are relative terms.
3. Fill in the blanks using one of the words : at rest, in motion.
(a) A person walking in a compartment of a stationary train is relative to the compartment and is relative to the platform.
(b) A person sitting in a compartment of a moving train is relative to the other person sitting by his side and is relative to the platform.
Answer
(a) A person walking in a compartment of a stationary train is in motion relative to the compartment and is in motion relative to the platform.
(b) A person sitting in a compartment of a moving train is at rest . relative to the other person sitting by his side and is in motion relative to the platform.
4. Name five different types of motion you know.
Answer
The different types of motion are :
- Translatory motion
- Rotatory motion
- Oscillatory motion
- Vibratory motion
- Periodic motion
- Multiple motion
- Random motion.
5. What do you mean by translatory motion ? Give one example.
Answer
If an object like a vehicle, moves in a line in such a way that every point of the object moves through the same distance in the same time, then the motion of the object is called translatory motion.
Example :
The motion of an apple falling from a tree, the motion of a man walking on a road, the motion of a box when pushed from one comer of a room to the other, are all the translatory motion.
6. Explain the meanings of (i) rectilinear motion, and (ii) curvilinear motion. Give one example of each.
Answer
(i) Rectilinear motion: If the motion of a body is along a straight line, it is said to be the rectilinear or linear motion. The motion of bullet fired from a gun.
(ii) Curvilinear motion: If the motion of a body is along a curved path, it is said to be the curvilinear motion. For example, the motion of a cycle while taking a turn on the road, a car moving along a curved path, a ball thrown by an athlete are in curvilinear motion.
7. What is rotatory motion? Give two examples.
Answer
Rotatory motion: A body is said to be in a rotatory motion or a circular motion if it moves about a fixed axis without changing the radius of its motion.
Examples: The blades of a fan, a spinning wheel.
8. What is meant by circular motion ? Give one example.
Answer
The motion of a body along a circular path is called circular motion.
Example: A girl is whirling a stone tied at the end of a string in a circular path.
9. How does a rotatory motion differ from the circular motion?
Answer
- In rotatory motion, the axis of rotation passes from a point in the body itself whereas in circular motion, the axis of revolution passes through a point outside the body. Thus the motion of earth around the sun is the circular motion whereas the motion of earth about its own axis is the rotational motion.
- In the circular and rotatory motions, the distance of a point of a the body from a fixed point always remains same, whereas it is not same in curvilinear motion.
10. Explain oscillatory motion by giving one example.
Answer
Oscillatory motion: The to and fro motion of a simple pendulum is an oscillatory motion.
Examples: 1. The motion of a swing
2. Piston of an engine.
11. What is vibratory motion? Give one example.
Answer
In vibratory motion, a part of the body always remains fixed and the rest part moves to and fro about its mean position. During the vibratory motion, the shape and size of the body changes.
Example: When we breath, our chest expands and contracts. This motion is vibratory motion.
12. Differentiate between periodic and non-periodic motions by giving an example of each.
Answer
Periodic motion: A motion which gets repeated after regular intervals of time is called a periodic motion.
Examples: The earth moving around the sun takes 365 days to complete one revolution and this motion gets repeated after every 365 days.
Non-periodic motion : The motion which does not repeat itself after regular interval of time is called non-periodic motion.
Examples: A footballer running on a field, application of brakes in a moving vehicle, a ball rolling down the ground gradually slows down and finally stops, motion of tides in the sea, etc.
13. What is random motion. Give one example.
Answer
Random motion: When an object in a motion has no specific path and which suddenly changes its motion is said to have a random motion.
Example: A flying kite.
14. Name the type/types of motion being performed by each of the following:
(a) Vehicle on a straight road
(b) Blades of an electric fan in motion
(c) Pendulum of a wall clock
(d) Smoke particles from chimney
(e) Hands of a clock
(f) Earth around the sun
(g) A spinning top.
Answer
(a) Rectilinear motion
(b) Rotatory motion
(c) Oscillatory motion, periodic motion
(d) Non-periodic motion
(e) Uniform circular and periodic motion
(f) Rotatory motion, circular motion and periodic motion
(g) Rotatory motion
15. Give two examples to illustrate that a body can have two or more types of motion simultaneously.
Answer
Sometime a body can have more than one type of motion. Such a motion is called the
mixed motion.
Example: (i) The wheels of a moving train have both the translatory as well as the rotatory motions as it moves from position A to position B while rotating.
(ii) The earth rotates about its axis (rotatory motion) and at the same time it revolves around the sun in a curved path (curvilinear or circular motion) in a fixed time interval (periodic motion).
16. State the types of motion of the following :
(a) The needle of a sewing machine
(b) The wheel of a bicycle
(c) The drill machine
(d) The carpenter’s saw
Answer
(a) Periodic motion
(b) Rotatory motion
(c) Mixed = Translatory and Rotatory motion
(d) Mixed = Translatory and Oscillatory motion
17. Distinguish between uniform and non-uniform motions, giving an example of each.
Answer
|
Uniform motion |
Variable motion or Non – uniform motion |
|
1. When a body covers equal distance in a straight line, in equal intervals of time, however small these time intervals may be. |
1. When a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time in a straight line. |
18. How do you determine the average speed of a body in non-uniform motion ?
Answer
In a non-uniform motion, the average speed of a body is calculated by dividing the total distance travelled by the body, with the total time of its journey. Thus,
Average speed = Total distance travelled by the body/Total time of joumey
19. Define the term weight and state its S.I. unit.
Answer
The weight of a body is the force with which earth attracts the body i.e. the weight of a body is the force of gravity on it. The weight of a body is not constant, but it changes from place to place. It is represented by the symbol W. The S.I. unit of weight is newton (N).
20. How are the units of weight, kgf and newton related ?
Answer
1 kgf = 10 N
21. State three differences between mass and weight.
Answer
Mass: It is the quantity of matter contained in a body.
- Its S.J. unit is kilogram (kg)
- It is constant for a body and it does not change by changing the place of the body.
- It is measured by a beam balance.
- Its S.I. unit is newton (N) and other unit is kilogram-force (kgf) where 1 kgf = 1 ON (nearly).
- It is not constant for a body, but it changes from place to place.
- It is measured by a spring balance.
22. Which quantity : mass or weight, does not change by change of place ?
Answer
The mass of a body is constant and it does not change by changing the position of the body.
23. State which of the quantities, mass or weight is always directed vertically downwards.
Answer
Mass is the quantity of matter contained in a body. Weight is the force with which the
earth attracts the body. Weight is always directed vertically downwards.
C. Numericals
1. A car covers a distance of 160 km between two cities in 4 h. What is the average speed of the car ?
Answer
Distance =160 km
Time taken = 4h
Speed = ?
Speed = Distance covered/Time taken = 160km/4h = 40 km h-1
2. A train travels a distance of 300 km with an average speed of 60 km h-1. How much time does it take to cover the distance?
Answer
Speed = 60 km h-1
Distance covered = 300 km
3. A boy travels with an average speed of 10 ms-1 for 20 min. How much distance does he travel ?
Answer
Average speed of boy = 10 ms-1
Time taken = 20 min
Distance travelled = Speed × Time taken
Convert minutes into seconds
1 minute = 60 sec.
20 minutes = 20 × 60 = 1200 sec.
Distance travelled = 10 ms-1 × 1200 sec. = 12000 m Or 12 km
4. A boy walks a distance 30 m in 1 minute and another 30 m in 1.5 minute. Describe the type of motion of the boy and find his average speed in ms-1 .
Answer
As the speed does not remain constant throughout the journey the motion is non-uniform
Total distance travelled in going and coming back
d = 30 m + 30 m = 60 m
Total time taken in going and coming back
t = 1 min + 1.5 min = 2.5 min
= 2.5 × 60s = 150 s
5. A cyclist travels a distance of 1 km in the first hour, 0.5 km in the second hour and 0.3 km in the third hour. Find the average speed of the cyclist in
(i) km h-1,
(ii) m s-1
Answer
Distance travelled in first hour = 1 km
Distance travelled in second hour = 0.5 km
Distance travelled in third hour = 0.3 km
Total time taken = 3 hr
Total distance travelled = 1 + 0.5 + 0.3 = 1.8 km
(i) Average speed in km h-1
(ii) Average speed in ms-1
1 km = 1000 m
1.8 km = 1.8 × 1000 m = 1800 m
1 hour = 3600 seconds
3 hour = 3600 × 3 = 10800 sec.
6. A car travels with speed 30 km h-1 for 30 minute and then with speed 40 km h-1 for one hour. Find:
(a) the total distance travelled by the car
(b) the total time of travel, and
(c) the average speed of car
Answer
Speed of car for first 30 minutes = 30 km h-1
Speed of car for next 1 hour = 40 km h-1
(a) Total distance travelled by the car
1st case,
Speed = Distance/Time
⇒ Distance = Speed × Time (∵ 30 minutes = 0.5 hours)
Distance = 30 × 0.5 = 15 km …(i)
2nd case,
Speed = Distance/Time
⇒ Distance = Speed × Time
Distance = 40 km h-1 × 1 hr = 40 km …(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii),
Total Distance = 15 km + 40 km = 55 km
(b) Total time of travel = 0.5 hr + 1.0 hrs = 1.5 hr
(c) Average speed = Total distance travelled/Total time taken
= 5.5 km/1.5 hr [from above (a) and (b)]
= 36.67 km h-1
7. On earth the weight of a body of mass 1.0 kg is 10 N. What will be the weight of a boy of mass 37 kg in (a) kgf (b) N?
Answer
Weight of a body of mass 1.0 kg body = 10 N
(a) Weight of a boy of mass = 37 kg
(b) Weight of a boy of 37 kg in newton will be 1 kgf = 10N
∴ 37 kgf = 37 × 10 N
= 370 N
8. The weight of a body of mass 6.0 kg on moon is 10 N. If a boy of mass 30 kg goes from earth to the moon surface, what will be his (a) mass, (b) weight ?
Answer
(a) Mass remains same it does not change
So mass of boy 30 kg on earth = 30 kg on moon surface
(b) Weight of boy on moon becomes 1 / 6
∴ 30 kg boy will weight 30 x 1/6 = 5kg
1 kg = 10 N ⇒ 5 × 10 N = 50 N
∴ Weight of boy on moon surface = 50 N