Selina Chapter 1 Physical Quantities and Measurement Questions Answers Class 7 Physics

ICSE Solutions for Chapter 1 Physical Quantities and Measurement Class 7 Physics Selina Publisher

Test Yourself

A. Objective Questions

1. Write true or false for each statement

(a) The S.I. unit of volume is litre.
Answer
False.
The S.I. unit of volume is cubic metre.

(b) A measuring beaker of capacity 200 ml can measure only the volume. 200 ml of a liquid.
Answer
True.

(c) cm² is a smaller unit of area than m².
Answer
True.

(d) Equal volumes of two different substances have equal masses.
Answer
False.
Equal volumes of two different substances have different masses.

(e) The S.I. unit of density is g cm^-3.
Answer
False.
The S.I. unit of density is kg m^-3 .

(f) 1 g cm^-3 = 1000 kg m^-3.
Answer
True.

(g) The density of water is maximum at 4°C.
Answer 
True.

(h) The speed 5 ms^-1 is less than 25 km h^-1.
Answer 
True.

(i) The S.I. unit of speed is ms^-1.
Answer 
True

2. Fill in the blanks

(a) l m³  = ______ cm³ 

(b) The volume of an irregular solid is determined by the method of ______
(c) Volume of a cube = ______
(d) The area of an irregular lamina is measured by using a ______
(e) Mass = density × ______
(f) The S.I. unit of density is _______
(g) 1 g cm^-3 = _______ kg m^-3 
(h) 36 km h^-1  = _______ ms^-1 .
(i) Distance travelled d = _______ × time t.

Answer 

(a) 10⁴   
(b) displacement of liquid. 
(c) (one side)   
(d) graph paper. 
(e) volume   
(f) kg m^-3 .
(g) 1000   
(h) 10 
(i) speed  

3. Match the following

Column A	Column B
(a) Volume of a liquid	(i) kg m-3
(b) Area of a leaf	(ii) m3
(c) S.I. unit of volume	(iii) graph paper
(d) S.I. unit of density	(iv) ms-1
(e) S.I. unit of speed	(v) measuring cylinder

Answer 

Column A	Column B
(a) Volume of a liquid	(v) Measuring cylinder
(b) Area of a leaf	(iii) graph paper
(c) S.I. unit of volume	(ii) m3
(d) S.I. unit of density	(i) kg m-3
(e) S.I. unit of speed	(iv) m s-1

4. Select the correct alternative

(a) One litre is equal to :
1. 1 cm^-3 
2. 1 m^-3 
3. 10^-3 cm³ 
4. 10^-3 m³ 

Answer 
4. 10^-3  m³ 

(b) A metallic piece displaces water of volume 15 ml. The volume of piece is :
1. 15 cm³ 
2. 15 m³ 
3. 15 × 10³ cm³ 
4. 15 × 10³ m³ 

Answer
1. 15 cm³ 

(c) A piece of paper of dimensions 1.5 m x 20 cm has area :
1. 30 m² 
2. 300 cm² 
3. 0.3 m² 
4. 3000 m³
Answer
3. 0.3 m² 

(d) The correct relation is :
1. d = M × V
2. M = d × Y
3. V = d × M
4. d = M + V
Answer
2. M = d × Y

(e) The density of alcohol is 0.8 g cm-3. In S.I. unit, it will be :
1. 0.8 kg^-3 
2. 0.0008 kg^-3 
3. 800 kg^-3 
4. 8×10³ kg^-3 
Answer
3. 800 kg m^-3 

(f) The density of aluminium is 2.7 g cm-3 and of brass is 8.4 g cm-3. For the same mass, the volume of:
1. both will be same
2. aluminium will be less than that of brass
3. aluminium will be more than that of brass
4. nothing can be said.
Answer 
3. aluminium will be more than that of brass 

(g) A block of wood of density 0.8 g cm-3 has a volume of 60 cm3 . The mass of block will be :
1. 60.8 g
2. 75 g
3. 48 g
4. 0.013 g
Answer 
3. 48 g 

(h) The correct relation for speed is
1. Speed = distance × time
2. speed = distance/time
3. speed = time/distance
4. speed = 1/distance×time
Answer 
2. speed = distance/time

(i) A boy travels a distance 150 m in 1 minute. His speed is
1. 150 ms^-1 
2. 2.5 ms^-1 
3. 25 ms^-1 
4. 9 ms^-1 
Answer 
2. 2.5 m s^-1 

B. Short/Long Answer Questions

1. Define the term volume of an object.
Answer
The space occupied by an object is called its volume.

2. State and define the S.I. unit of volume.
Answer
S.I. unit of volume: The S.I. unit of volume is cubic metre. In short form, it is written as m³.
One cubic metre is the volume of a cube of each side 1 metre as shown in figure below i.e.,
1 m³ = 1 m × 1 m × 1 m.

3. State two smaller units of volume. How are they related to the S.I. unit?
Answer
A smaller unit of volume is cubic centimetre (symbol cm³) and cubic decimetre (symbol 1 dm³). One cubic centimetre is the volume of a cube of each side 1 centimetre, i.e.,
1 cm³  = 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm.
Relationship between m3 and cm3
l m³ = lm × lm × lm
= 100 cm × 100 cm × 100 cm
= 10,00,000 cm³  = 10⁶  cm³ .
Relationship between m3 and dm³ 
l m³ = lm × 1 m × 1 m .
= 10 dm × 10 dm × 10 dm
= 1000 dm
= 10³  dm
Note: 1 m = 10 dm

4. How will you determine the volume of a cuboid ? Write the formula you will use.
Answer
Volume of a cuboid = length × breadth × height.

5. Name two devices which are used to measure the volume of an object. Draw their neat diagrams.
Answer
Two devices that are used to measure the volume of an object are :

1. Measuring cylinder and
2. Measuring beaker.

6. How can you determine the volume of an irregular solid (say a piece of brass)?
Describe in steps with neat diagrams.
Answer
To measure the volume of a piece of stone:

• Take a piece of brass, a measuring cylinder, fine thread of sufficient length and some water.
• Place a measuring cylinder on a flat horizontal surface and fill it partially with water.
• Note the reading of the water level very carefully. Now tie the piece of brass with a thread and dip it completely into water. We see that the level of water rises. Note the reading of the new water level.

• The difference in the two levels of water gives the volume of the piece of brass

Initial level of water = 60 ml
Level of water when brass is immersed = 80 ml
∴ Volume of water displaced = 80 ml – 60 ml = 20 ml
∴ Volume of the piece of brass = 20 cm³ 
Note: 1 ml = 1 cm³ 

7.You are required to take out 200 ml of milk from a bucket full of milk. How will you do it ?
Answer
By using the measuring beaker A measuring beaker is used to measure a fixed volume of liquid from a large volume. Suppose it is required to measure 200 ml of milk from the milk contained in a bucket. For this, take the measuring beaker of capacity 200 ml.

Wash it and dry it. Then, immerse the measuring beaker well inside the milk contained in the bucket so that the beaker gets completely filled with the milk.
Take out the measuring beaker from the bucket gently so that no milk splashes out and then pour the milk from the measuring beaker into the another empty vessel.

8. Describe the method in steps to find the area of an irregular lamina using a graph paper.
Answer
Method to find the area of an irregular lamina using a graph paper:

• First, place the lamina over a graph paper and draw its boundary line on the graph paper with a pencil.
• Then remove the lamina and count and note the number of complete squares as well as the number of squares more than half within the boundary line (only the squares less than half, are left while counting).
• The area of lamina is equal to the sum of the area of complete squares and the area of squares more than half.
• Let n be the total number of complete and more than half or half squares within the boundary of lamina.
• Since area of one big square is 1 cm × 1cm = 1 cm², so the area of lamina will be n x

9. Define the term density of a substance.
Answer
The density of a substance is defined as the mass of a unit volume of that substance.

10.State the S.I. and C.G.S. units of density. How are they interelated ?
Answer
The S.I. unit of mass is kilogram (symbol kg) and of volume is cubic metre (symbol m³). Therefore S.I. unit of density is kg/m³ or kg m^-3 .
The C.G.S. unit of mass is gram (symbol g) and of volume is cubic centimetre (symbol cm³ ). Therefore the C.G.S. unit of density is g/cm³ or g cm^-3 . 

11. ‘The density of brass is 8.4 g cm³ . What do you mean by the statement ?
Answer
Density of brass is 8.4 g cm^-3. This means that unit volume of brass contain 8.4 g mass.

12. Arrange the following substances in order of their increasing density:
(a) iron
(b) cork
(c) brass
(d) water
(e) mercury
Answer
b<a<c<d<e

13. How does the density of water changes when :
(a) it is heated from 0°C to 4°C,
(b) it is heated from 4°C to 10°C ?
Answer
(a) Water contracts on heating from 0°C to 4°C and expands on heating above 4°C.
(b) The density of water is maximum at 4°C. It decreases when it is cooled from 4°C to 0°C or it is heated above 4°C.

14. Write the density of water at 4°C.
Answer
The density of water at 4°C is 1.0 g cm^-3  , or 1,000 kg m^-3 .

15.Explain the meaning of the term speed.
Answer
The distance covered or travelled by a body in one second is called the speed of the body, i.e.
Speed = Distance travelled/Time taken 
Speed is usually denoted by the symbol v. 
If a body travels a distance d in time t, then its speed is given as 
Speed(v) = d/t

16. Write the S.I. unit of speed.
Answer:
The S.I. unit of speed is metre/second or metre per second.

Its symbol is m s^-1 .

17. A car travels with a speed 12 m s^-1 , while a scooter travels with a speed 36 km h^-1. Which of the two travels faster ?
Answer
Speed of car = 12 m s^-1 
Speed of scooter = 36 km h^-1 
here, 1 km = 1000 m
1 hr = 3600 sec

∴ Speed of car is more. Car travels faster than scooter.

C. Numericals

1. The length, breadth and height of a water tank are 5 m, 2.5 m and 1.25 m respectively. Calculate the capacity of the water tank in
(a) m³
(b) litre.

Answer
Given,
Length (1) = 5m
Breadth (b) = 2.5 m
and Height (h) = 1.25 m
(a) Volume of water tank in m³ = l × b × h
= 5m × 2.5 m × 1.25 m 
= 15.625 m³ 
(b) Volume of water tank in litre = 15.625 × 1000
= 15625 litre

2. A solid silver piece is immersed in water contained in a measuring cylinder. The level of water rises from 50 ml to 62 ml. Find the volume of silver piece.
Answer
Given, initial level of water, V₁ = 50 ml
Final level of water, V₂ = 62 ml
Volume of silver piece V = V₂  – V₁ 
= 62 ml – 50 ml
= 12 ml or 12 cm³ 

3. Find the volume of a liquid present in a dish of dimensions 10 cm x 10 cm x 5 cm.
Answer
Volume of water = Length × breadth × height
= 10 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm
= 500 cm³ or 500 ml.

4. A rectangular field is of length 60 m and breadth 35 m. Find the area of the field.
Answer:
Length of a rectangular field = 60 m
Breadth of rectangular field = 35 m
∴ Area = 60 m × 35 m
= 2100 m² 

5. Find the approximate area of an irregular lamina of which boundary line is drawn on the
graph paper shown in fig. 1.16. below.

Answer
From figure, the number of complete squares = 11
The number of squares more than half = 9
∴ Total number of squares = 11 + 9 = 20
∴ Area of the 1 square = 1 cm × 1cm = 1 cm² 
∴ Area of 20 squares = 20 × 1 cm² = 20 cm² 
∴ Approximate area of irregular lamina = 20 cm² 

6. A piece of brass of volume 30 cm³  has a mass of 252 g. Find the density of brass in

(i) g cm^-3,
(ii) kg m^-3 .
Answer
Given, Mass M = 252 g
Volume V = 30 cm?

7. The mass of an iron ball is 312 g. The density of iron is 7.8 g cm^-3. Find the volume of the ball.
Answer

Given, Mass M = 312 g 
Density d = 7.8 g cm^-3 
Since , d = M/V
⇒ V = M/d
Hence, volume of an iron ball V = 312/7.8 = 40 cm³ 

8. A cork has a volume 25 cm3. The density of cork is 0.25 g cm^-3. Find the mass of cork.

Answer

Given, density d = 0.25 g cm^-3 
V = 25 cm³ 
From relation d = M/V
⇒ M = d × V
= 0.25 × 25 
= 6.25 g 

9.The mass of 5 litre of water is 5 kg. Find the density of water in g cm^-3 

Answer

Given, Mass M = 5 kg = 5000 g
Volume V =5 litre = 5000 cm³ 
Density of water, d= M/V
= 5000g/5000 cm³ = 1 g cm^-3 

10. A cubical tank of side 1 m is filled with 800 kg of a liquid. Find: (i) the volume of tank, (ii) the density of liquid in kg m^-3.

Answer

(i) Volume of a cube = side × side × side 
side = 1 m
∴ volume = 1 m × 1 m × 1 m = 1 m³ 
(ii) Density of liquid in kg m^-3 = Mass(M)/Volume(v)
Mass = 800 kg 
Volume = 1 m³ 
∴ Density = 800/1 m³ kg = 800 kg m^-3 

11. A block of iron has dimensions 2 m × 0.5 m × 0.25 m. The density of iron is 7.8 g cm^-3. Find the mass of block.

Answer
Given, l = 2m
b = 0.5 m

h=0.25 m
Density of iron = 7.8 g cm^-3 = 7.8×1000 kg m^-3 = 7800 kg m^-3 
Volume of block = l × b × h
= 2 ×0.5× 0.25 = 0.25 m³ 
From relation d = M/V
∴Mass of iron block, M= V×d
= 0.25×7800 kg m^-3 
= 1950 kg

12. The mass of a lead piece is 115 g. When it is immersed into a measuring cylinder, the water level rises from 20 ml mark to 30 ml mark.
Find:
(i) the volume of the lead piece,
(ii) the density of the lead in kg m^-3.

Answer

Given, M = 115 g 

13. The density of copper is 8.9 g cm-3. What will be its density in kg m^-3?

Answer

Density of copper d = 8.9 g cm^-3 
= 8.9×1000 kg m^-3  [∵ 1 g cm^-3 = 1000 kg m^-3]
= 8900 kg m^-3 

14. A car travels a distance of 15 km in 20 minute. Find the speed of the car in (i) km h^-1, (ii) m s^-1.
Answer
Distance travelled by car =15 km
Time taken = 20 minutes
(i) Speed of car in km h^-1 
Convert 20 minutes to hour

15. How long a train will take to travel a distance of 200 km with a speed of 60 km h^-1?
Answer
Distance covered by train = 200 km
Speed of train = 60 km h^-1  
We know speed = Distance/Time 
⇒ 60 = 200/Time 
Time = 200/60 = 20/6 = 10/3 hours 

16. A boy travels with a speed of 10 m s -1 for 30 minute. How much distance does he travel?

Answer
Speed of boy = 10 m s^-1 
Time taken = 30 minutes
speed = distance travelled/time taken
Distance travelled = Speed × Time taken
Convert 30 minutes to seconds
1 minute = 60 sec
30 minute 60 × 30 = 1800 seconds
Putting the value of speed and time we get
Distance travelled = 10 ms^-1 × (1800 sec) = 18000 m
= 18000 metre or 18 km 

17. Express 36 km h^-1 in m s^-1 

Answer

18.Express 15 m s^-1  in km h^-1  .

Answer