Frank Solutions for Chapter 25 Probability Class 10 ICSE Mathematics
Exercise 25
1. A coin is tossed 800 times and the outcomes were noted as: Head: 415, Tail : 385. Find the probability of the coin showing up (i) a head, (ii) a tail.
Answer
From the question it is given that,
A coin is tossed 800 times, so total number of trials is 800.
Let us assume that, A1 and A2 be the events of the coin,
So, total number of times A1 occurs = 415 and the total number of times A2 occurs = 385.
Then,
P(E1) =415/800 = 83/160
P(E2) = 385/800 = 77/160
2. 1000 families with 2 children were selected randomly, and the following data were recorded:
|
Number of girls in a family |
0 |
1 |
2 |
|
Number of families |
333 |
392 |
275 |
Find the probability of a family, having
(i) 1 girl (ii) 2 girls (iii) no girl
Answer
From the question it is given that, total number of families = 1000
(i) Number of families having 1 girl = 392
Then, required probability = Number of families having 1 girl/total number of families
= 392/1000
= 49/125
(ii) Number of families having 2 girls = 275
Then, required probability = Number of families having 2 girls/total number of families
= 275/1000
= 11/40
(iii) Number of families having no girls = 333
Then, required probability = Number of families having no girl/total number of families
= 333/1000
= 11/40
3. Two coins are tossed simultaneously 300 times and the outcomes are noted as:
Two tails: 83
One tail: 140
No tail: 77
Find the probability of occurrence of each of these events.
Answer
From the question it is given that,
Two coins are tossed simultaneously 300 times,
Then,
Total number of times 2 tails come up = 83
P(2 tails will come up) = Number of times 2 tails come up/Total number of times
the coins were tossed
= 83/300
Total number of times 1 tail come up = 140
P(1 tails will come up) = Number of times 1 tails come up/Total number of times
the coins were tossed
= 140/300
= 7/15
Total number of times no tail come up = 77
P(1 tails will come up) = Number of times no tails come up/Total number of times
the coins were tossed
= 77/300
4. A die is thrown 450 times and frequencies of the outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were noted as given in the following table.
|
Outcomes |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
Frequency |
73 |
70 |
74 |
75 |
80 |
78 |
(i) 4 (ii) a number < 4 (iii) a number > 4
Answer
From the question it is given that, a die is thrown 450 times
So, total number of times die is thrown = 450
(i) Number of times 4 come up on the die = 75
P(4 will come up on die) = Number of times 4 come up/Total number of times the die is thrown
= 75/450
= 1/6
(ii) Number of times less than 4 come up on the die = 73 + 70 + 74 = 217
P(<4 will come up on die) = Number of times (<4) come up/Total number of times
the die is thrown
= 217/450
(iii) Number of times greater than 4 come up on the die = 80 + 78 = 158
P(> 4 will come up on die) = Number of times (>4) come up/Total number of times
the die is thrown
= 158/450
= 79/225
5. The percentage of marks obtained by a student in monthly unit tests are given below:
|
Unit test |
I |
II |
III |
IV |
V |
VI |
|
Percentage of marks obtained |
72 |
67 |
69 |
74 |
71 |
76 |
Based on this data find the probability that the student gets.
(i) More than 70% marks in a unit test.
(ii) less than 72% marks in a unit test.
(iii) less than 65% marks in a unit test.
Answer
From the table total number of tests taken by a student = 6
(i) The total number of times students get more than 70% marks in a unit test = 4
Then,
P(more than 70% marks in a unit test)
= (Number of times student gets more than 70% marks in a unit test)/(total
number of tests taken by a student)
= 4/6
= 2/3
(ii) The total number of times students get less than 72% marks in a unit test = 3
Then,
P(less than 72% marks in a unit test)
= (Number of times student gets less than 72% marks in a unit test)/(total
number of tests taken by a student)
= 3/6
= ½
(iii) The total number of times students get less than 65% marks in a unit test = 0
Then,
P(less than 65% marks in a unit test)
= (Number of times student gets less than 65% marks in a unit test)/(total
number of tests taken by a student)
= 0/6
= 0
6. The heights of 60 students of a class given in the following table:
|
Height (in cm) |
150 - 155 |
155 - 158 |
158 – 160 |
160 - 165 |
165 - 172 |
|
Number of Students |
8 |
20 |
25 |
4 |
3 |
Find the probability that the height of a student lies in the interval
(i) 155 – 158
(ii) 150 – 160
(iii) 158 – 172
Answer
From the question it is given that,
The total number of students = 60
(i) Total number of students whose height lie in the interval 155 – 158 = 20
Then,
P(Height of a student lies in the interval 155 – 158)
= (Number of students whose height lies in the interval 155 – 158)/(Total number of students)
= 20/60
= 1/3
(ii) Total number of students whose height lie in the interval,
So, 150 - 160 = 8 + 20 + 25 = 53
P(Height of a student lies in the interval 150 – 160)
= (Number of students whose height lies in the interval 150 – 160)/(Total number of students)
= 63/60
(iii) Total number of students whose height lie in the interval,
So, 158 – 172 = 25 + 4 + 3 = 32
P(Height of a student lie in the interval 158 – 172)
= (Number of students whose height lies in the interval 158 – 172)/(Total number of students)
= 32/60
= 8/15
7. A perfect cubic die is thrown. Find the probability that (i) an even number comes up, (ii) a perfect square comes up.
Answer
We know that,
A die is tossed once, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
So, total number of possible outcomes = 6
(i) The probability that an even number comes up,
The even numbers in the die are 2, 4 and 6
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting an even number = 3
So,
P(getting an even number) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 3/6
= ½
(ii) The probability that a perfect square comes up,
The perfect square numbers in the die are 1 and 4.
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a perfect square number = 2
So,
P(getting a perfect square number) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 2/6
= 1/3
8. An unbiased cubic die is thrown. Find the probability of getting (i) an odd number, (ii) a number greater than 2, (iii) a number divisible by 2, (iv) a number less than 4.
Answer
We know that,
A die is tossed once, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
So, total number of possible outcomes = 6
(i) The probability that getting an odd number,
The odd number in the die = 1, 3, 5
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting odd number = 3
So,
P(getting an odd number) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 3/6
= ½
(ii) The probability that getting a number greater than 2,
The number greater than 2 in the die = 3, 4, 5, 6
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a number greater than 2 = 4
So,
P(getting a number greater than 2) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 4/6
= 2/3
(iii) The probability that getting a number divisible by 2,
The number divisible by 2 in the die = 2, 4, 6
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a number divisible by 2 = 3
So,
P(getting a number divisible by 2) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 3/6
= ½
(iv) The probability that getting a number less than 4,
The number less than 4 in the die = 1, 2, 3
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a number less than 4 = 3
So,
P(getting a number divisible by 2) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 3/6
= ½
9. A card is drawn from a pack of well – shuffled 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card draw is,
(i) a diamond (ii) a red card (iii) a king (iv) an ace or a queen (v) a face card (vi) a card bearing a number between 2 and 6 including both.
Answer
From the question it is given that, a card is drawn from a pack of well – shuffled 52 playing cards.
(i) The probability that getting a diamond,
In 52 playing cards there are 13 diamond cards
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a diamond card = 13
So,
P(card drawn is a diamond) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 13/52
= ¼
(ii) The probability that getting a red card,
In 52 playing cards there are 26 red cards
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a red card = 13
So,
P(card drawn is a red card) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 26/52
= ½
(iii) The probability that getting a king,
In 52 playing cards there are 4 kings,
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a king = 4
So,
P(card drawn is a king) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 4/52
= 1/13
(iv) The probability that getting an ace or a queen,
In 52 playing cards there are 4 ace and 4 queens,
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting an ace or a queen = 4 + 4
So,
P(card drawn is an ace or a queen) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 4/52 + 4/52
= 1/13 + 1/13
= 2/13
(v) The probability that getting a face card,
In 52 playing cards there are 12 face cards,
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a face card = 12
So,
P(card drawn is a face card) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 12/52
= 3/13
(vi) The probability that getting a card bearing a number between 2 and 6 including both,
In 52 playing cards there are 20 cards between 2 and 6 including both,
Then, the number of favorable outcomes to the event getting a card bearing a number between 2 and 6 including both = 20
So,
P(card drawn between 2 and 6 including both) = Favorable outcomes/Total number of outcomes
= 20/52
= 5/13
10. Two coins are tossed together. What is the probability of getting different faces on the coins?
Answer
From the question it is given that, two coins are tossed together.
We know that, coin has two faces one is head and other one is tail.
The possibilities of getting head and tail when two coins are tossed = {HH, TT, HT, TH}
Total number of outcomes = 4
Number of favorable outcomes = 2
P(getting different faces on the coins) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of
Outcomes
=2/4
= ½
11. A coin is tossed twice. What is the probability of getting,
(i) no head (ii) at most 1 tail
Answer
From the question it is given that, a coin is tossed twice.
We know that, coin has two faces one is head and other one is tail.
The possibilities of getting head and tail when a coin is tossed twice = {HH, TT, HT, TH}
Total number of outcomes = 4
(i) The probability of getting no head,
Number of favorable outcomes = 1
P(getting no head) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of Outcomes
= ¼
(ii) The probability of getting at most 1 tail,
Number of favorable outcomes = 3
P(getting at most 1 tail) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of Outcomes
= ¾
12. Three coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of getting at least two heads?
Answer
From the question it is given that, a coin is tossed twice.
We know that, coin has two faces one is head and other one is tail.
The possibilities of getting head and tail when three coins are tossed,
= {HHH, TTT, HHT, HTT, THH, TTH, HTH, THT}
Total number of outcomes = 8
So, favorable outcomes for getting at least 2 heads are: HHH, HHT, HTH, THH
Then, number of favorable outcomes = 4
P(getting at least 2 heads) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of Outcomes
= 4/8
= ½
13. Two dice, one white and one red are rolled together. Find the probability of getting (i) a sum of 6 (ii) two different digits (iii) a difference of 1.
Answer
We know that,
A die is rolled once, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
If two dice are rolled then possible outcomes are:
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
Therefore, the total number of outcomes = 36
(i) The probability of getting a sum of 6,
Favorable outcomes = (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1)
Number of favorable outcomes = 5
P(getting a sum of 6) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of Outcomes
= 5/36
(ii) The probability of getting two different digits,
Now we have to use formula to find out probability of getting two different digits
P(two different digits) = 1 – P(both digits are same)
Favorable outcomes for both digits are same = (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)
Number of favorable outcomes = 6
P(getting two different digits) = 1- (6/36)
= 1 – (1/6)
= (6 – 1)/6
= 5/6
(iii) The probability of getting a difference of 1,
Favorable outcomes = (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5)
Number of favorable outcomes = 10
P(getting a sum of 6) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of Outcomes
= 10/36
= 5/18
14. A bag contains a red ball, a blue ball and a yellow ball, all the balls being of the same size. Anjali takes out a ball from the bag without looking into it. What is the probability that she takes out.
(i) yellow ball?
(ii) red ball?
(iii) blue ball?
Answer
From the question it is given that, a bag contains 3 balls a red ball, a blue ball and a yellow ball.
Then, total number of outcomes = 3
(i) The probability of taking a red ball outside,
Number of favorable outcomes = 1
P(taking a red ball outside) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of Outcomes
= 1/3
(ii) The probability of taking a blue ball outside,
Number of favorable outcomes = 1
P(taking a blue ball outside) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of
Outcomes
= 1/3
(iii) The probability of taking a yellow ball outside,
Number of favorable outcomes = 1
P(taking a yellow ball outside) = Number of favorable outcomes/total number of
Outcomes
= 1/3
15. If the probability of winning a game is 5/11, what is the probability of losing?
Answer
From the question it is given that, probability of winning a game is 5/11
We have to find probability of losing,
So,
P(winning) + P(losing) = 1
Then,
P(losing) = 1 – P(winning)
= 1 – (5/11)
= (11 – 5)/11
= 6/11
Therefore, probability of losing a game is 6/11.
16. A box contains 5 red marbles, 8 white marbles and 4 green marbles. One marble is taken out of the box at random.
What is the probability that the marble taken out will be
(i) red ?
(ii) White ?
(iii) not green ?
Answer
17. Two different coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting:
(i) two tails
(ii) no tail
(iii) atleast one tail
Answer
18. Two different dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability of getting:
(i) a doublet
(ii) sum divisible by 5
(iii) a sum of at least 11
Answer
19. Two dice are rolled simultaneously, write down the total number of possible outcomes.
Answer
