ICSE Solutions for Chapter 2 Physical and Chemical Changes Class 7 Chemistry Selina Publisher
Exercise
1. (a) Define:
(i) a physical change
(ii) a chemical change
(b) Give two examples for each of the above two changes.
Answer
(a) (i) Physical change: A temporary change in which no new substance is formed, the composition of substance remains the same, though its state, shape and size may change.
(ii) Chemical change: A permanent change in which new substances are formed whose composition and properties are completely different from those of the original substances.
(b) Physical change:
- Change of water into its vapours.
- Heating of iron rod.
Chemical change:
- Burning of wood.
- Breathing.
2. What are reversible and irreversible changes? Give one example for each.
Answer
- Reversible change: When a change in a substance can be reversed by changing the conditions, it is said to be a reversible change.
Example: Melting of ghee or wax. - Irreversible change: When a substance can not be brought back to its original state after a change, it is said to be an irreversible change.
Example: Souring of milk.
3. Mention a change which is always
1. Desirable
2. Undesirable
3. Periodic
Answer
- Desirable: Changes that are useful to man are desirable changes. Examples: change of milk into curd.
- Undesirable: Change that brings about destruction is an undesirable change. Examples: floods and epidemics are undesirable changes.
- Periodic: Changes that are repeated at regular intervals of time are called periodic changes. Examples: change of day and night.
4. Is burning a physical change or a chemical change? Why?
Answer
Burning is a chemical change as new substance is formed with new properties and it cannot be reversed.
5. A burning candle shows both physical and chemical changes. Explain?
Answer
A burning candle produces wax vapours which solidify and form wax again is physical change. At the same time wax on burning produces water vapours and carbon dioxide which escape into the atmosphere which are new substances with new properties. It is a chemical change. Hence burning of candle shows both physical and chemical changes.
6. State three differences between evaporation and boiling
Answer
|
Evaporation |
Boiling |
|
1. Evaporation is a slow process. 2. Evaporation takes place from the surface of the liquid. 3. Evaporation takes place at all temperature. |
1. Boiling is a fast process. 2. Boiling takes place from all parts of the liquid 3. Boiling takes place at a fixed temperature o heating. |
7. State four differences between physical and chemical changes.
Answer
Four differences are :
|
Physical change |
Chemical change |
|
1. No new substances with new properties are formed. 2. It can be reversed by simple physical methods. 3. It is temporary change. 4. Energy is neither needed nor produced. |
1. New substances with new porperties are formed. 2. Change cannot be reversed by simple physical methods. 3. It is permanent change. 4. Energy is either needed or evolved. |
8. What do you observe when :
i. water is boiled
On boiling water changes into steam (gas) physical change.
ii. a piece of paper is burnt
On burning piece of paper produces carbon dioxide and ash is left behind. It is a chemical change.
iii. some ice cubes are kept in a glass tumbler
Ice cubes (solid) turn into water (liquid) only state changes (physical change).
iv. solid ammonium chloride is heated
Solid ammonium chloride on heating changes into vapours (change of state) is physical change.
v. an iron nail is kept in tap water for few days
We observe reddish brown coating on the nail called rust (entirely new substance) is chemical change.
vi. a spoon of sugar is heated in a pan
When a spoon of sugar is heated in a pan, black (charred sugar) (carbon) is seen. It is a chemical change.
vii. lighted match stick is brought near the mouth of the test tube containing hydrogen gas.
We observe that hydrogen bums at the mouth of test tube with blue flame and pop sound is heard. It is chemical change.
viii. quick lime is dissolved in water.
The following two observations will be observed
- A hissing sound is observed.
- The mixture starts boiling and lime water is obtained.
ix. little amount of curd is added to a bowl containing warm milk and kept for five hours.
When a little amount curd is added to a bowl containing warm milk and kept for five hours, a permanent change occured. The milk will change to curd. On boiling water changes into steam (gas) physical change.
9. Name a chemical change which takes place in presence of:
Answer
Heat:
- Burning of paper.
- Cooking of food need heat.
Light:
- Formation of food by plants i.e. photosynthesis need light.
- Hydrogen and chlorine react in presence of light
Electricity:
- Water breaks into hydrogen and oxygen on passing electricity.
- Sodium chloride solution breaks up into its components sodium and Chlorine on passing electric current through sodium chloride solution.
Objective Type Questions
1. Fill in the blanks.
i. A new substance is always formed in a _______ change.
ii. Melting of ice is a _______ change.
iii. When a candle burns, wax melts. Melting of wax is a ______ change.
iv. Chemical change occurs as a result of ______ between two substances.
v. Burning of a fuel is a ______ change.
vi. Revolution of the earth around the sun is a _______ change.
vii. Growing of a seedling into a plant is _______ change.
Answer
i. chemical
ii. physical
iii. physical
iv. rearrangement of atoms
v. chemical
vi. natural periodic
vii. chemical
2. State whether the following are physical or chemical changes.
i. glowing of a bulb —
ii. burning of sugar —
iii. heating of water —
iv. growing of a piglet into a pig —
v. burning of wood —
vi. passing electric current through a heater rod —
vii. water cycle in nature —
viii. respiration in living beings —
ix. shaping a piece of glass —
x. lightning —
xi. (energy produced) dissolving sugar in water —
xii. heating a mixture of iron filings and sulphur—
xiii. mixing oil with water —
xiv. cutting wood into small pieces —
xv. photosynthesis —
xvi. Digestion of food —
xvii. Melting of wax —
xvii. Boiling of an egg —
xix. Slaking of lime —
Answer
i. physical change.
ii. chemical change.
iii. physical change.
iv. chemical change
v. chemical change.
vi. physical change.
vii. physical change.
viii. chemical change.
ix. physical change.
x. chemical change.
xi. physical change.
xii. chemical change.
xiii. physical change.
xiv. physical change.
xv. chemical change.
xvi. chemical change.
xvii. physical change.
xviii. chemical change.
xix. chemical change.
3. Write true or false against the following statements :
a. Cutting of paper into pieces is a chemical change.
False
b. Rusting of iron is a chemical change.
True
c. Earthquake is a desirable change.
False
d. Melting of ice is a physical change.
True
e. Burning of sugar is a temporary change.
False
Multiple Choice Questions
Tick (√) the correct alternative from the choice given for the following statements :
1. A substance which can not sublime is
a. iodine
b. camphor
c. sugar
d. dry ice
Answer
c. sugar
2. When you put some ice cubes in a glass, droplets of water are formed on the outer wall of the glass. This explains the phenomenon of
a. melting
b. freezing
c. condensation
d. evaporation
Answer
c. condensation
3. Burning is a
a. slow process
b. fast process
c. natural process
d. none of the above
Answer
b. fast process
4. Which one of the following is volatile in nature ?
a. common salt
b. petrol
c. water
d. milk
Answer
b. petrol
5. An example of both physical and chemical change is
a. burning of candle
b. melting of ice
c. cooking of food
d. blowing of bulb
Answer
a. burning of candle
6. The compound rust is a hydrated oxide of
a. copper
b. aluminium
c. iron
d. gold
Answer
c. iron
7. When sugar is heated, its colour changes into
a. red
b. brown
c. black
d. grey
Answer
c. black
8. A pop sound is heard when a lighted match stick is brought near the mouth of a jar. This indicates the release of gas.
a. oxygen
b. hydrogen
c. nitrogen
d. water-vapour
Answer
b. hydrogen
9. When we add water to the following substances, which one will show a chemical change ?
a. salt
b. sugar
c. oil
d. quick lime
Answer
d. quick lime
Additional Questions
Check Your Progress 1
1. Is melting of ice a reversible change?
Answer
True
2. Change of seasons is a non-periodic change. True or false?
Answer
False. Change of seasons is a periodic change.
3. In a physical change no net energy change is involved. True or false?
Answer
True
4. New substances are formed in a chemical change. True or false?
Answer
True
Check Your Progress 2
1. Dissolving of a solid in liquid is a physical change. True or false?
Answer
True
2. Is the process of digestion a physical change or chemical change?
Answer
Chemical
3. During a physical change energy is either given out or absorbed by the system. True or false?
Answer
True
4. In a chemical change, rearrangement of molecules and atoms involves some energy changes. True or false?
Answer
True
5. Energy in the form of is absorbed during photosynthesis.
Answer
Energy in the form of sunlight is absorbed during photosynthesis.
Exercises
A. Tick the most appropriate answer.
1. Melting of ice is a
a. reversible change,
b. irreversible change,
c. chemical change,
d. none of these
Answer
a. reversible change.
2. Rising and setting of the sun at a given place is a
a. periodic change.
b. undesirable change.
c. physical change.
d. reversible change.
Answer
a. periodic change.
3. Physical changes are
1. permanent.
2. periodic,
3. temporary
4. irreversible.
Answer
3. temporary
4. Chemical changes involve
a. change in shape.
b. change in size.
c. change in molecular composition.
d. none of these
Answer
c. change in molecular composition.
5. Photosynthesis requires
a. heat energy.
b. wind energy,
c. sunlight.
d. sound energy.
Answer
c. sunlight
i. A change in which the substance can be brought back to its original state is called a reversible change.
ii. Changes that occur in nature are called Natural changes.
iii. An earthquake is a non-periodic change.
iv. A new substance is formed in a chemical change.
v. Heat is released by a gas during the process of condensation.
Answer
i. reversible
ii. natural changes
iii. non - periodic
iv. chemical
v. released
C. Match the columns.
|
1. A change which cannot be easily reversed |
a. man–made change |
|
2. A change that repeats itself at regular intervals |
b. chemical change |
|
3. A change that is made by humans |
c. physical change |
|
4. A change in which the original substance cannot be obtained |
d. periodic change |
|
5. A change where no new substance is formed |
e. irreversible change |
Answer
|
1. A change which cannot be easily reversed |
e. irreversible change |
|
2. A change that repeats itself at regular intervals |
d. periodic change |
|
3. A change that is made by humans |
a. man–made change |
|
4. A change in which the original substance cannot be obtained |
b. chemical change |
|
5. A change where no new substance is formed |
c. physical change |
D. Write true or false for each statement. Rewrite the false statements correctly.
1. Burning of paper and formation of curd are reversible changes.
Answer
False. Burning of paper and formation of curd are irreversible changes.
2. A natural change can also be a desirable change.
Answer
True
3. Deforestation is a man-made change.
Answer
True
4. Decomposition of leaves is a fast change.
Answer
False. Decomposition of leaves is a slow change.
5. Dissolving of solute in a solvent and rusting of iron are both physical changes.
Answer
False. Dissolving of solute in a solvent is a physical change and rusting of iron is a chemical change.
E. Give reasons for the following.
1. Dissolving salt in water is a reversible change.
Answer
Dissolving salt in water is a reversible change because salt and water can be again obtained by distillation process.
2. Ripening of fruits is a desirable change.
Answer
Ripening of fruits is a desirable change because this change is beneficial for the mankind and we desire to happen.
3. Melting of solid (wax) is a physical change.
Answer
Melting of solid wax is a physical change because no new substance is formed during this change.
4. Chemical changes are accompanied by changes in energy.
Answer
In a chemical change, molecules and atoms rearrange themselves to form new substances. This rearrangement involves some energy changes. It can either be absorption or evolution of energy.
5. Photosynthesis cannot take place at night.
Answer
Photosynthesis requires sunlight which is not available at night time. Therefore the process stops at night.
F. Write short answers.
1. Name two reversible changes.
Answer
- Melting of ice.
- Dissolving of salt in water.
2. Give two examples of periodic changes.
Answer
- Swinging of a pendulum
- Rising and setting of the sun.
3. Give an example of desirable change which can also be undesirable.
Answer
Using a car to cover a long distance is a desirable change but car emissions can lead to air pollution which is undesirable.
4. What are man-made changes?
Answer
Man-made changes are those that occur because of human activities. Example: changing the direction of flow of a river by building a dam.
5. Sublimation is classified as a physical change. Why?
Answer
Physical changes are those in which no new substance is formed. In sublimation there is direct conversion of solid into gas and vice versa. Thus the substance remains the same.
G. Answer in detail.
1. Classify the following changes as physical or chemical.
a. boiling —
b. curdling of milk —
c. photosynthesis in plants —
d. melting of a solid (wax) —
Answer
a. Physical
b. chemical
c. chemical
d. physical
2. A physical change is temporary. Explain.
Answer
A physical change is defined as a change in which no new substance is formed.
A physical change is temporary because this change can be easily reversed by reversing the conditions. For example when ice is melted, it gets converted into water by absorbing heat. Water so formed can be easily converted to ice by cooling thus heat is released. Thus physical change is temporary.
3. State the differences between a physical change and a chemical change.
Answer
|
Property |
Physical change |
Chemical Change |
|
Formation of new |
There are no new substance. |
New substances with different. |
|
Substance |
No new substances formed in a physical change. |
New Properties are formed in a chemical changes. |
|
Nature of change. |
It is usually easy to reverse the process thereby regaining the original substance. |
It is usually irreversible. |
|
Energy |
Generally energy is neither absorbed nor evolved. |
Considerable heat energy is either absorbed or evolved when a chemical change takes place. |
|
Mass |
There is no change in the mass of the substance after a physical change |
Mass of a substance changes after a chemical change. |
4. State the various conditions that favour the process of evaporation.
Answer
The various conditions that favour the process of evaporation are discussed as under :
- Concentration of water vapour in air (humidity level): If the water vapour concentration is high in air the evaporation process gets slowed down.
- Pressure: Evaporation takes place faster when pressure is less and vice versa.
- Surface Area: If the surface area is large then evaporation takes place faster.
- Temperature: On increasing the temperature, the rate of evaporation increases.
- Rate of flow of air: If air is moving over the place all the time, then the concentration of water vapour decreases in the surroundings, thus increasing evaporation rate.
5. How do you say that the process of digestion is a chemical change ?
Answer
During digestion new substances are formed which cannot be converted back to the same food which we have eaten. Besides energy is also released. These factors prove that digestion is a chemical change.
6. What role does energy play in initiating a chemical change ?
Answer
In a chemical change molecules and atoms rearrange themselves to form new substances. This process involves some energy changes. In some changes energy is absorbed.
Example: burning of a substance and in some cases energy is evolved, photosynthesis
1. Solve this crossword by using the clues that follow-
Across
1. Energy in the form of sunlight is absorbed by the green plants in this process.
4. The reddish-brown substance formed over iron in the presence of oxygen and moisture.
5. This change is permanent and irreversible.
6. The process in which a solid directly changes into gaseous state.
Down
1. It is the change that takes place in case of swinging pendulum of a clock. –
2. Occurrence of this is a non-periodic change as well as a natural change.
3. It is a physical change.
Answer
2. Make a list of different types of changes with example.
Answer
Different types of changes are as under:
- Reversible Change e.g. Melting of ice.
- Irreversible Change e.g. Burning of paper.
- Periodic Change e.g. Swinging of pendulum.
- Non-Periodic Change e.g. Occurrence of floods.
- Desirable Change e.g. Ripening of fruits.
- Undesirable Change e.g. Rusting of Iron.
- Natural Change e.g. Changing of Seasons
- Man-Made Change e.g. Changing the direction of flow of a river by dams.
- Slow Change e.g. Growth of a plant
- Fast Change e.g. Occurrence of lightning during thunderstorm.
- Physical Change e.g. transformation of ice.
- Chemical Change e.g. curdling of milk.