Selina Concise Chapter 2 Physical Quantities and Measurement ICSE Solutions Class 8 Physics
A. Objective Questions
1. Write true or false for each statement
(a) Equal volumes of the two different substances have equal masses.
Answer
False.
Equal volumes of the two different substances have different masses.
(b) The density of a piece of brass will change by changing its size or shape.
Answer
Equal volumes of the two different substances have different masses.
(b) The density of a piece of brass will change by changing its size or shape.
Answer
False.
(c) The density of a liquid decreases with increase in its temperature.
Answer
(c) The density of a liquid decreases with increase in its temperature.
Answer
True.
(d) Relative density of water is 1.0.
Answer
(d) Relative density of water is 1.0.
Answer
True.
(e) Relative density of a substance is expressed in g cm-3.
Answer
(e) Relative density of a substance is expressed in g cm-3.
Answer
False.
Relative density of a substance has no units.
(f) When a body is immersed in a liquid, the buoyant force experienced by the body is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced by it.
Answer
Relative density of a substance has no units.
(f) When a body is immersed in a liquid, the buoyant force experienced by the body is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced by it.
Answer
False.
The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed part of body.
(g) A body experiences the same buoyant force while floating in watr or alcohol.
Answer
The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed part of body.
(g) A body experiences the same buoyant force while floating in watr or alcohol.
Answer
True.
(h) A body experiences the same buoyant force when it floats or sinks in water.
Answer
(h) A body experiences the same buoyant force when it floats or sinks in water.
Answer
False.
(i) A body floats in a liquid when its weight becomes equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by its submerged part.
Answer
(i) A body floats in a liquid when its weight becomes equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by its submerged part.
Answer
True.
(j) A body while floating, sinks deeper in a liquid of low density than in a liquid of high density.
Answer
(j) A body while floating, sinks deeper in a liquid of low density than in a liquid of high density.
Answer
True.
2. Fill in the blanks
(a) 1 kg is the mass of ____ ml of water at 4˚C.
(b) Mass = density × ____
(c) The S.I. unit of density is _____
(d) Density of water is ____ kg m-3.
(e) 1 g cm-3 = ____ kg m-3.
(f) The density of a body which sinks in water is ____ than 1000 Kg m-3.
(g) A body sinks in a liquid A, butt floats in a liquid B. The density of liquid A is ____ than the density of liquid B.
(h) A body X sinks in water, but a body Y floats on water. The density of the body X is ____ than the density of body Y.
(i) The buoyant force experienced by a body when floating in salt-water is ____ to or same that of when floating in pure water.
(j) The weight of a body floating in a liquid is ____.
2. Fill in the blanks
(a) 1 kg is the mass of ____ ml of water at 4˚C.
(b) Mass = density × ____
(c) The S.I. unit of density is _____
(d) Density of water is ____ kg m-3.
(e) 1 g cm-3 = ____ kg m-3.
(f) The density of a body which sinks in water is ____ than 1000 Kg m-3.
(g) A body sinks in a liquid A, butt floats in a liquid B. The density of liquid A is ____ than the density of liquid B.
(h) A body X sinks in water, but a body Y floats on water. The density of the body X is ____ than the density of body Y.
(i) The buoyant force experienced by a body when floating in salt-water is ____ to or same that of when floating in pure water.
(j) The weight of a body floating in a liquid is ____.
Answer
(a) 1 kg is the mass of 1000 ml of water at 4˚C.
(b) Mass = density × volume.
(c) The S.I. unit of density is kg m-3
(d) Density of water is 1000 Kg m-3.
(e) 1 g cm-3 = 1000 Kg m-3.
(f) The density of a body which sinks in water is more than 1000 Kg m-3.
(g) A body sinks in a liquid A, butt floats in a liquid B. The density of liquid A is less than the density of liquid B.
(h) A body X sinks in water, but a body Y floats on water. The density of the body X is more than the density of body Y.
(i) The buoyant force experienced by a body when floating in salt-water is equal to or same that of when floating in pure water.
(j) The weight of a body floating in a liquid is zero.
(b) Mass = density × volume.
(c) The S.I. unit of density is kg m-3
(d) Density of water is 1000 Kg m-3.
(e) 1 g cm-3 = 1000 Kg m-3.
(f) The density of a body which sinks in water is more than 1000 Kg m-3.
(g) A body sinks in a liquid A, butt floats in a liquid B. The density of liquid A is less than the density of liquid B.
(h) A body X sinks in water, but a body Y floats on water. The density of the body X is more than the density of body Y.
(i) The buoyant force experienced by a body when floating in salt-water is equal to or same that of when floating in pure water.
(j) The weight of a body floating in a liquid is zero.
3. Match the following:
4. Select the correct alternative
(a) The correct relation is
1. Density = Mass × Volume
2. Mass = Density × Volume
3. Volume = Density × Mass
4. Density = Mass + Volume
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
(a) kg m-3 |
(i) relative density |
|
(b) no unit |
(ii) sinks in alcohol |
|
(c) relative density |
(iii) floats on water |
|
(d) iron |
(iv) density |
|
(e) wood |
(v) density bottle |
Answer
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
(a) kg m-3 |
(iv) density |
|
(b) no unit |
(i) relative density |
|
(c) relative density |
(v) density bottle |
|
(d) iron |
(ii) sinks in alcohol |
|
(e) wood |
(iii) floats on water |
4. Select the correct alternative
(a) The correct relation is
1. Density = Mass × Volume
2. Mass = Density × Volume
3. Volume = Density × Mass
4. Density = Mass + Volume
Answer
2. Mass = Density × Volume
(b) The relative density of alcohol is 0.8. Its density is
1. 0.8
2. 800 kg m-3
3. 800 g cm-3
4. 0.8 kg m-3
Answer
(b) The relative density of alcohol is 0.8. Its density is
1. 0.8
2. 800 kg m-3
3. 800 g cm-3
4. 0.8 kg m-3
Answer
2. 800 kg m-3
(c) A block of wood of density 0.8 g cm-3 has a volume of 60 cm3. The mass of block is
1. 60.8 g
2. 75 g
3. 48 g
4. 0.013 g
(c) A block of wood of density 0.8 g cm-3 has a volume of 60 cm3. The mass of block is
1. 60.8 g
2. 75 g
3. 48 g
4. 0.013 g
Answer
3. 48 g
(d) The density of aluminium is 2.7 g cm-3 and that of brass 8.4 g cm-3. The correct statement is
1. Equal masses of aluminium and brass have equal volumes
2. The mass of a certain volume of brass is more than the mass of equal volume of aluminium.
3. The volume of a certain mass of brass is more than the volume of equal mass of aluminium.
4. Equal volumes of aluminium and brass have equal masses.
(d) The density of aluminium is 2.7 g cm-3 and that of brass 8.4 g cm-3. The correct statement is
1. Equal masses of aluminium and brass have equal volumes
2. The mass of a certain volume of brass is more than the mass of equal volume of aluminium.
3. The volume of a certain mass of brass is more than the volume of equal mass of aluminium.
4. Equal volumes of aluminium and brass have equal masses.
Answer
2. The mass of a certain volume of brass is more than the mass of equal volume of aluminium.
(e) A density bottle has a marking 25 mL on it. It means that:
1. the mass of density bottle is 25 g
2. the density bottle will store 25 ml of any liquid in it
3. the density bottle will store 25 ml of water, but more volume of liquid denser than water.
4. the density bottle will store 25 ml of water, but more volume of a liquid lighter than water.
(e) A density bottle has a marking 25 mL on it. It means that:
1. the mass of density bottle is 25 g
2. the density bottle will store 25 ml of any liquid in it
3. the density bottle will store 25 ml of water, but more volume of liquid denser than water.
4. the density bottle will store 25 ml of water, but more volume of a liquid lighter than water.
Answer
2. the density bottle will store 25 ml of any liquid in it
(f) The correct statement is
1. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced by it.
2. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the volume of the body
3. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it
4. The buoyant force on a body is always equal to the weight of the body.
(f) The correct statement is
1. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced by it.
2. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the volume of the body
3. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it
4. The buoyant force on a body is always equal to the weight of the body.
Answer
3. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it
(g) A piece of wood floats on water. The buoyant force on wood will be
1. zero
2. more than the weight of the wood piece
3. equal to the weight of the wood piece
4. less than the weight of the wood piece.
(g) A piece of wood floats on water. The buoyant force on wood will be
1. zero
2. more than the weight of the wood piece
3. equal to the weight of the wood piece
4. less than the weight of the wood piece.
Answer
3. equal to the weight of the wood piece
(h) The weight of a body is more than the buoyant force experienced by it, due to a liquid. The body will
1. sink
2. float with its some part outside the liquid
3. float just below the surface of liquid
4. float with whole of its volume above the surface of liquid.
(h) The weight of a body is more than the buoyant force experienced by it, due to a liquid. The body will
1. sink
2. float with its some part outside the liquid
3. float just below the surface of liquid
4. float with whole of its volume above the surface of liquid.
Answer
1. sink
1. Define the term density of a substance.
Answer
Density of a substance is defined as "Mass per Unit volume".
Density [d] = Mass of the substance/Volume of the substance
⇒ d = M/V
2. Name the S.I. unit of density. How is it related to g Cm-3?
Answer
S.I. unit of density is kg m-3
B. Short/Long Answer Questions
1. Define the term density of a substance.
Answer
Density of a substance is defined as "Mass per Unit volume".
Density [d] = Mass of the substance/Volume of the substance
⇒ d = M/V
2. Name the S.I. unit of density. How is it related to g Cm-3?
Answer
S.I. unit of density is kg m-3
In C.GS. system unit of mass is g and unit of volume is Cm3, so CGS unit of density is g Cm-3 (gram per cubic centimetre).
Relationship between S.I. and C.GS. units
1 kg m-3 = 1kg/1 m3 = 1000g/(100 cm)3
= 1/1000 gcm-3
Thus,
1 kg m-3 = 10-3 g cm-3
Or, 1 kg cm-3 = 1000 kg m-3
Relationship between S.I. and C.GS. units
1 kg m-3 = 1kg/1 m3 = 1000g/(100 cm)3
= 1/1000 gcm-3
Thus,
1 kg m-3 = 10-3 g cm-3
Or, 1 kg cm-3 = 1000 kg m-3
3. The density of brass is 8.4 g cm-3. What do you mean by this statement?
Answer
This statement means one cubic centimetre volume of brass has mass of 8.4 g.
4. Arrange the following substances in order of their increasing density:
Iron, Cork, Brass, Water, Mercury.
Answer
Cork, Water, Iron, Brass, Mercury.
5. How does the density of a liquid (or gas) vary with temperature?
Answer
Most of the liquids increase in volume with increase in temperature, but water shows anomalous behaviour. Water has maximum volume at 4°C and maximum density at 4°C.
Actually, when volume increases density decreases and when volume decreases the density increases.
But water when cooled from a high temperature, contracts upto 4°C because volume decreases and expands when cooled further below 4°C and hence density of water increases when it is cooled upto 4°C while decreases when cooled further below 4°C. In other words, the density of water is maximum at 4°C equal to 1 g Cm-3 or 1000 kg m-3.
6. A given quantity of a liquid is heated. Which of the following quantity will vary and how ?
(a) mass, (b) volume and (c) density
Answer
When a given quantity of liquid is heated
(a) Mass: does not change.
(b) Volume: changes and increases with rise in temperature.
(c) Density: Changes and decreases.
Density = Mass / volume
7. Describe an experiment to determine the density of the material of a coin.
Answer
Density = Mass/volume
To find the density of the material of a coin, we need to find its
This statement means one cubic centimetre volume of brass has mass of 8.4 g.
4. Arrange the following substances in order of their increasing density:
Iron, Cork, Brass, Water, Mercury.
Answer
Cork, Water, Iron, Brass, Mercury.
5. How does the density of a liquid (or gas) vary with temperature?
Answer
Most of the liquids increase in volume with increase in temperature, but water shows anomalous behaviour. Water has maximum volume at 4°C and maximum density at 4°C.
Actually, when volume increases density decreases and when volume decreases the density increases.
But water when cooled from a high temperature, contracts upto 4°C because volume decreases and expands when cooled further below 4°C and hence density of water increases when it is cooled upto 4°C while decreases when cooled further below 4°C. In other words, the density of water is maximum at 4°C equal to 1 g Cm-3 or 1000 kg m-3.
6. A given quantity of a liquid is heated. Which of the following quantity will vary and how ?
(a) mass, (b) volume and (c) density
Answer
When a given quantity of liquid is heated
(a) Mass: does not change.
(b) Volume: changes and increases with rise in temperature.
(c) Density: Changes and decreases.
Density = Mass / volume
7. Describe an experiment to determine the density of the material of a coin.
Answer
Density = Mass/volume
To find the density of the material of a coin, we need to find its
- mass - by common beam balance
- Its volume by measuring cylinder.
Experiment: Measuring the mass of coin
Let the mass of coin shown by beam balance = M (gram) = 50 g (ray)
Measure the vol. of coin.
Initial volume of water = V1 = 40 ml (say)
Final volume of water
When coin is added in the cylinder = V2 = 50 ml (say)
Then, vol. of coin = V2 – V1 = 50 – 40 = 10 ml
Density of material of coin = D = M/V = 50/(52 – 42) = 50/10
= 5 g cm-3
8. Describe an experiment to determine the density of a liquid.
Answer
To determine the density of a liquid D = M/V
We need to find:
Measure the vol. of coin.
Initial volume of water = V1 = 40 ml (say)
Final volume of water
When coin is added in the cylinder = V2 = 50 ml (say)
Then, vol. of coin = V2 – V1 = 50 – 40 = 10 ml
Density of material of coin = D = M/V = 50/(52 – 42) = 50/10
= 5 g cm-3
8. Describe an experiment to determine the density of a liquid.
Answer
To determine the density of a liquid D = M/V
We need to find:
(i) the vol. of liquid say milk,
(ii) mass of liquid.
Experiment: (i) To find the mass of milk:
wt. of empty 100 c.c beaker = M1g = 70 g
Fill the beaker (half) with milk and weigh again = M2g = 116 g
(ii) To find the vol. of milk:
Transfer this milk into measuring cylinder and note the volume V = 40 c.c (say)
∴ Density of milk = D = M/V = (M2g – M1g)/40 c.c
= (116 – 70)/40
= 46/40
= 4.6/4
= 1.15 g cm-3
9. What is a density bottle? How is it used to find the density of a liquid?
Answer
Density bottle is a small glass bottle having a glass stopper at its neck. The bottle can store a fixed volume of a liquid.
Experiment: (i) To find the mass of milk:
wt. of empty 100 c.c beaker = M1g = 70 g
Fill the beaker (half) with milk and weigh again = M2g = 116 g
(ii) To find the vol. of milk:
Transfer this milk into measuring cylinder and note the volume V = 40 c.c (say)
∴ Density of milk = D = M/V = (M2g – M1g)/40 c.c
= (116 – 70)/40
= 46/40
= 4.6/4
= 1.15 g cm-3
9. What is a density bottle? How is it used to find the density of a liquid?
Answer
Density bottle is a small glass bottle having a glass stopper at its neck. The bottle can store a fixed volume of a liquid.
Generally the volume of bottle is 25 ml or 50 ml. Stopper has a narrow hole through it. When bottle is filled with liquid and stopper is inserted, the excess liquid rises through the hole and drains out. Thus the bottle will contain the same volume of liquid each time when it is filled. It is used to determine the density of a liquid.
10. Define the term relative density of a substance.
Answer
Relative Density is the ratio of density of a substance to the density of water at 4° C.
Or
Relative Density is the ratio of mass of the substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4° C.
11. What is the unit of relative density?
Answer
There is no units for relative density since it is a pure ratio.
12. Distinguish between density and relative density.
Answer
13. Explain the meaning of the statement ‘relative density of aluminium is 2.7’?
Answer
The statement ‘Relative density of aluminium is 2.7’
A piece of aluminium of any volume has mass 2.7 times that of an equal volume of water.
i.e. Aluminium is 2.7 times heavier than water.
14. How does the density of a body and that of a liquid determine whether the body will float or sink into that liquid ?
Answer
If the density of a body is less than the density of liquid, the body will float on the surface of liquid.
If the density of a body is more than the density of liquid, the body will sink in a liquid.
15. A cork piece floats on water surface while an iron nail sinks in it. Explain the reason.
Answer
Cork floats on water because density of cork is less than density of water.
Iron nail sinks in water because density of iron nail is more than density of water.
16. Which of the following will sink or float on water? (Density of water = 1 g cm-3)
(a) body A having density 500 kg m-3
(b) body B having density 2520 kg m-3
(c) body C having density 1100 kg m-3
(d) body D having density 0.85 g m-3
Answer
Density of water = 1 g cm-3
(a) Density of body A = 500 kg m-3 = 500 × 0.5 = 0.5 g cm-3
Density of body A is less than density of water hence A will float on water
(b) Density of body B = 2520 kg m-3 = 2520 × 1/1000 = 2.52 g cm-3
Density of body B is more than density of water and hence B will sink in water
(c) Density of body C = 1100kg m-3 = 1100 × 1/1000 = 1.1 g cm-3
Density of body C is greater than water. Hence, body C will sink in water.
(d) Density of body D = 0.85 g Cm-3 < 1.0 g Cm-3
Density of body D is less than the density of water hence body D will float on water
17. What is the law of floatation?
Answer
When a body floats in a liquid, the weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed part is equal to the total weight of the body. This is the law of floatation, i.e. while floating.
Weight of the floating body = Weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed part.
18. The density of water is 1.0 g cm-3. The density of iron is 7.8 × 103 g cm-3. The density of mercury is 13.6 g cm-3.
Answer the following:
(a) Will a piece of iron float or sink in water?
(b) Will a piece of iron float or sink in mercury?
Answer
Density of water 1.0 g cm-3
(a) Density of piece of iron = 7.8 × 10-3 g cm-3
7.8 × 10-3 = 7.8/1000
18. The density of water is 1.0 g cm-3. The density of iron is 7.8 × 103 g cm-3. The density of mercury is 13.6 g cm-3.
Answer the following:
(a) Will a piece of iron float or sink in water?
(b) Will a piece of iron float or sink in mercury?
Answer
Density of water 1.0 g cm-3
(a) Density of piece of iron = 7.8 × 10-3 g cm-3
7.8 × 10-3 = 7.8/1000
= 0.0078 g cm3 < 1.0 g cm3
∴ Density of piece of iron is less than density of water.
Hence, piece of iron will float in water.
(b) Density of piece of iron = 7.8 × 10-3
Density of mercury is 13.6 × 10-3 g cm-3
Since 7.8 × 10-3 < 13.6 × 10-3
∴ Density of piece of iron is less than density of mercury
∴ Piece of iron will float mercury
19. The diagram given below show a body floating in three different liquids. A, B and C at different levels.
(a) In which liquid does the body experience the greatest buoyant force?
(b) Which liquid has the least density?
(c) Which liquid has the highest density?
Answer
(a) Buoyant force is same in each case as the wt. of body is same in each case and Buoyant force is equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the immersed part of body which balances the wt. of body.
(b) The liquid A has the least density as body immerses the maximum.
(c) Liquid C has the highest density as the body immerses the least.
20. For a floating body, how is its weight related to the buoyant force?
Answer
When a body floats in a liquid. The weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed part is equal to the total weight of the body.
21. Why does a piece of ice float on water?
Answer
Floatation of Ice on water: Density of 0.9 g Cm-3 is less than density of water 1 g Cm-3. Hence, ice floats on water.
22. Explain why an iron needle sinks in water, but a ship made of iron floats on water.
Answer
Density of iron is more than density of water. Therefore, Weight of iron nail is more than wt. of water displaced by it and nail sinks.
∴ Density of piece of iron is less than density of water.
Hence, piece of iron will float in water.
(b) Density of piece of iron = 7.8 × 10-3
Density of mercury is 13.6 × 10-3 g cm-3
Since 7.8 × 10-3 < 13.6 × 10-3
∴ Density of piece of iron is less than density of mercury
∴ Piece of iron will float mercury
19. The diagram given below show a body floating in three different liquids. A, B and C at different levels.
(a) In which liquid does the body experience the greatest buoyant force?
(b) Which liquid has the least density?
(c) Which liquid has the highest density?
Answer
(a) Buoyant force is same in each case as the wt. of body is same in each case and Buoyant force is equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the immersed part of body which balances the wt. of body.
(b) The liquid A has the least density as body immerses the maximum.
(c) Liquid C has the highest density as the body immerses the least.
20. For a floating body, how is its weight related to the buoyant force?
Answer
When a body floats in a liquid. The weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed part is equal to the total weight of the body.
21. Why does a piece of ice float on water?
Answer
Floatation of Ice on water: Density of 0.9 g Cm-3 is less than density of water 1 g Cm-3. Hence, ice floats on water.
22. Explain why an iron needle sinks in water, but a ship made of iron floats on water.
Answer
Density of iron is more than density of water. Therefore, Weight of iron nail is more than wt. of water displaced by it and nail sinks.
While shape of iron ship is made in such a way that it displaces more weight of water than its own weight. Secondly the ship is hollow and the empty space contains air which makes the average density of ship less than that of water and hence ship floats on water.
23. It is easier to swim in sea water than in river water. Explain the reason.
Answer
Density of sea water is greater than density of river water, [because of impurities]
24. Icebergs floating on sea water are dangerous for ships. Explain the reason.
Answer
Icebergs are very dangerous for ships as icebergs are huge masses of ice floating in sea [density of ice being 0.917 g Cm-3] with about 9/10 portion below water and only 1/10 portion of it above surface of water.
25. Explain why it is easier to lift a stone under water than in air.
Answer
In water, the stone experience a buoyant force which counter balances the weight of the stone acting downward and this makes the stone lighter and thus easier to lift the stone in water.
26. What is a submarine? How can it be made to dive in water and come to the surface of water.
Answer
Submarine is a water-tight boat which can travel under water like a ship. It is providgd with water tanks.
23. It is easier to swim in sea water than in river water. Explain the reason.
Answer
Density of sea water is greater than density of river water, [because of impurities]
- In each case the weight of water displaced will be equal to the weight of the man.
∴ Ratio of weight of sea water and river water displaced by man is 1: 1. - With smaller portion of man’s body submerged in sea water, the wt. of sea water displaced is equal to the total weight of body. While to displace the same weight of river water, a larger portion of the body will have to be submerged in water.
∴ It is easier for man to swim in sea water.
24. Icebergs floating on sea water are dangerous for ships. Explain the reason.
Answer
Icebergs are very dangerous for ships as icebergs are huge masses of ice floating in sea [density of ice being 0.917 g Cm-3] with about 9/10 portion below water and only 1/10 portion of it above surface of water.
25. Explain why it is easier to lift a stone under water than in air.
Answer
In water, the stone experience a buoyant force which counter balances the weight of the stone acting downward and this makes the stone lighter and thus easier to lift the stone in water.
26. What is a submarine? How can it be made to dive in water and come to the surface of water.
Answer
Submarine is a water-tight boat which can travel under water like a ship. It is providgd with water tanks.
When submarine is to dive, water is filled in water tanks and it is made heavier and average density of submarine becomes greater than the density of sea water and it sinks. To make the submarine rise to the surface of water, water tanks are emptied and average density of submarine becomes less than the density of sea water and it rises to surface of water.
27. A balloon filled with hydrogen rises in air. Explain the reason.
Answer
A balloon filled with hydrogen rises to a certain height as it displaces more wt. of air than wt. of balloon but as it rises higher density of air decreases there and upthrust becomes less and ultimately upthrust becomes equal to the weight of balloon and balloon stops rising further.
1. The density of air is 1.28 g/litre. Express it in:
(a) g cm3
27. A balloon filled with hydrogen rises in air. Explain the reason.
Answer
A balloon filled with hydrogen rises to a certain height as it displaces more wt. of air than wt. of balloon but as it rises higher density of air decreases there and upthrust becomes less and ultimately upthrust becomes equal to the weight of balloon and balloon stops rising further.
C. Numericals
1. The density of air is 1.28 g/litre. Express it in:
(a) g cm3
(b) kg m
Answer
(a) The density of air is 1.28g/litre
It is in g cm-3 = 1.28/1000 = 0.00128 g cm-3
(b) 1.28g/litre = 1.28/1000 × 1000
= 1.28 kg m-3
Answer
(a) The density of air is 1.28g/litre
It is in g cm-3 = 1.28/1000 = 0.00128 g cm-3
(b) 1.28g/litre = 1.28/1000 × 1000
= 1.28 kg m-3
2. The dimensions of a hail are 10 m × 7 m × 5 m. If the density of air is 1.11 kg m-3, find the mass of air in the hail.
Answer
The dimensions of hall 10m × 7m × 5m
i.e. V = 350 m-3
Density of air (D) = 1.11 kg m-3
M = V × D = 350 × 1.11 = 388.5 kg
3. The density of aluminium is 2.7 g cm3. Express it in kg m-3
Answer
Density of aluminium = 2.7 g/cm3
In kg/m3 = (27 × 1000)/10
= 2700 kg/m3
4. The density of alcohol is 600 kg m-3. Express it in g cm-3.
Answer
Density of alcohol is = 600 kg/m-3
In g/cm3: 600/1000
= 0.60 g/cm3
5. A piece of zinc of mass 438.6 g has a volume of 86 cm3. Calculate the density of zinc.
Answer
Mass of Zinc (M) = 438.6 g
Volume V = 86 cm3
Density (D) = ?
D = M/V = 438.6/86 = 5.1 g/cm3
6. A piece of wood of mass 150 g has a volume of 200 Cm3. Find the density of wood in
(a) C.GS. unit,
Answer
The dimensions of hall 10m × 7m × 5m
i.e. V = 350 m-3
Density of air (D) = 1.11 kg m-3
M = V × D = 350 × 1.11 = 388.5 kg
3. The density of aluminium is 2.7 g cm3. Express it in kg m-3
Answer
Density of aluminium = 2.7 g/cm3
In kg/m3 = (27 × 1000)/10
= 2700 kg/m3
4. The density of alcohol is 600 kg m-3. Express it in g cm-3.
Answer
Density of alcohol is = 600 kg/m-3
In g/cm3: 600/1000
= 0.60 g/cm3
5. A piece of zinc of mass 438.6 g has a volume of 86 cm3. Calculate the density of zinc.
Answer
Mass of Zinc (M) = 438.6 g
Volume V = 86 cm3
Density (D) = ?
D = M/V = 438.6/86 = 5.1 g/cm3
6. A piece of wood of mass 150 g has a volume of 200 Cm3. Find the density of wood in
(a) C.GS. unit,
(b) S.l. unit
Answer
(a) Mass of wood (M) = 150 g
Volume of wood (V) = 200 cm3
Density (D) = ?
D = M/V = 150/200
= 0.75 g/cm3
Answer
(a) Mass of wood (M) = 150 g
Volume of wood (V) = 200 cm3
Density (D) = ?
D = M/V = 150/200
= 0.75 g/cm3
(b) In S.I. system = 0.75 × 1000
= 750 kg/m3
7. Calculate the volume of wood of mass 6000 kg if the density of wood is 0.8 g Cm-3
Answer
Volume of wood (V) = ?
Mass of wood (M) = 6000 kg
Density of wood D = 0.8 g/cm3
D = 0.8 g/cm3 = 0.8 × 1000 = 800 kg /m3
D = M/V
∴ V = M/V
= 6000/800
= 7.5 m3
Question 8: Calculate the density of solid from the following data :
(a) Mass of solid = 72 g
(b) Initial volume of water in measuring cylinder = 24 ml
(c) Final volume of water when solid is completely immersed in water = 42 ml
Answer
Mass of solid (M) = 72 g
Intial volume of water V1 = 24 ml
Final volume of water V2 = 42 ml
Volume of solid (V) = V2 – V1 = 42 – 24 = 18 cm3
Density of solid (D) = ?
D = M/V = 72/18
= 4.0 g cm3
9. The mass of an empty density bottle is 21.8 g, when filled completely with water is 41.8 g and when filled completely with liquid it is 40.6 g. Find:
(a) the volume of density bottle
(b) the relative density of liquid
Answer
Density of water is 1 g cm3
∴ Volume of density bottle = weight of water in grams completely filling the bottle
(a) Volume of density bottle:
Mass of empty density bottle = M1 =21.8 g
Mass of bottle + water = M2 = 41.8 g
∴ Mass of water completely fih1ig the density bottle = M2 - M1
= 41.8 - 21.8 = 20g
But 1 g of water has volume = 1 cc
∴ Volume of bottle (density bottle) = volume of water = 20 c.c. =20 ml
(b) The relative density of liquid:
Mass of 20 c.c. of liquid = (mass of density bottle + mass of 20 c.c of liquid - mass of density bottle)
= 40.6 - 21.8
= 18.8 g
Mass of 20 C.C of water = 20g
Relative density of liquid
R.D. = (Mass of 20 c.c. of liquid)/(Mass of 20 c.c. of water)
= 18.8/20
= 1.88/ 2
= 0.94
= 750 kg/m3
7. Calculate the volume of wood of mass 6000 kg if the density of wood is 0.8 g Cm-3
Answer
Volume of wood (V) = ?
Mass of wood (M) = 6000 kg
Density of wood D = 0.8 g/cm3
D = 0.8 g/cm3 = 0.8 × 1000 = 800 kg /m3
D = M/V
∴ V = M/V
= 6000/800
= 7.5 m3
Question 8: Calculate the density of solid from the following data :
(a) Mass of solid = 72 g
(b) Initial volume of water in measuring cylinder = 24 ml
(c) Final volume of water when solid is completely immersed in water = 42 ml
Answer
Mass of solid (M) = 72 g
Intial volume of water V1 = 24 ml
Final volume of water V2 = 42 ml
Volume of solid (V) = V2 – V1 = 42 – 24 = 18 cm3
Density of solid (D) = ?
D = M/V = 72/18
= 4.0 g cm3
9. The mass of an empty density bottle is 21.8 g, when filled completely with water is 41.8 g and when filled completely with liquid it is 40.6 g. Find:
(a) the volume of density bottle
(b) the relative density of liquid
Answer
Density of water is 1 g cm3
∴ Volume of density bottle = weight of water in grams completely filling the bottle
(a) Volume of density bottle:
Mass of empty density bottle = M1 =21.8 g
Mass of bottle + water = M2 = 41.8 g
∴ Mass of water completely fih1ig the density bottle = M2 - M1
= 41.8 - 21.8 = 20g
But 1 g of water has volume = 1 cc
∴ Volume of bottle (density bottle) = volume of water = 20 c.c. =20 ml
(b) The relative density of liquid:
Mass of 20 c.c. of liquid = (mass of density bottle + mass of 20 c.c of liquid - mass of density bottle)
= 40.6 - 21.8
= 18.8 g
Mass of 20 C.C of water = 20g
Relative density of liquid
R.D. = (Mass of 20 c.c. of liquid)/(Mass of 20 c.c. of water)
= 18.8/20
= 1.88/ 2
= 0.94
10. From the following observations, calculate the density and relative density of a brine solution. Mass of empty bottle = 22 g
Mass of bottle + water = 50 g
Mass of bottle + brine solution = 54 g
Answer
Mass of empty bottle, M1 = 22 g
Mass of bottle + water, M2 = 50 g
Mass of bottle + brine solution, M3 = 54 g
Mass of water = M2 - M1 = 50 - 22 = 28 g
Mass of brine solution = M3 - M1 = 54 - 22 = 32 g
Density of brine solution = Mass of brine solution/Mass of water
= 32/28
= 1.14 g/cm3
11. The mass of an empty density bottle is 30 g, it is 75 g when filled completely with water and 65 g when filled completely with a liquid. Find :
(a) volume of density bottle,
(b) density of liquid, and
(c) relative density of liquid.
Answer
Mass of empty density bottle (M1) =30 g
Mass of bottle + Water (M2) 75 g
Mass of liquid + Liquid x (M3)= 65 g
Mass of water = M2 - M1 = 75 - 30=45 g
(a) Volume of density bottle = Mass of water 45 g
(b) Density of liquid x = ?
D = (Mass of Liquid)/(Mass of Water) = 35/45
Mass of liquid = M3 – M1
= 65 – 30
= 35g
D = (Mass of liquid)/(Mass of water)
= 35/45
= 0.77 g/cm3
(c) Mass of water in the density bottle = 75 - 30 = 45 g
∴ Volume of water in density bottle = 45 cc
and mass of equal volume of liquid in density bottle 65 - 30 = 35g
R.D of liquid = (mass of 45 cc of liqjuid)/(mass of 45 cc of water)
= 35/45
= 7/9
= 0.77
Mass of bottle + water = 50 g
Mass of bottle + brine solution = 54 g
Answer
Mass of empty bottle, M1 = 22 g
Mass of bottle + water, M2 = 50 g
Mass of bottle + brine solution, M3 = 54 g
Mass of water = M2 - M1 = 50 - 22 = 28 g
Mass of brine solution = M3 - M1 = 54 - 22 = 32 g
Density of brine solution = Mass of brine solution/Mass of water
= 32/28
= 1.14 g/cm3
11. The mass of an empty density bottle is 30 g, it is 75 g when filled completely with water and 65 g when filled completely with a liquid. Find :
(a) volume of density bottle,
(b) density of liquid, and
(c) relative density of liquid.
Answer
Mass of empty density bottle (M1) =30 g
Mass of bottle + Water (M2) 75 g
Mass of liquid + Liquid x (M3)= 65 g
Mass of water = M2 - M1 = 75 - 30=45 g
(a) Volume of density bottle = Mass of water 45 g
(b) Density of liquid x = ?
D = (Mass of Liquid)/(Mass of Water) = 35/45
Mass of liquid = M3 – M1
= 65 – 30
= 35g
D = (Mass of liquid)/(Mass of water)
= 35/45
= 0.77 g/cm3
(c) Mass of water in the density bottle = 75 - 30 = 45 g
∴ Volume of water in density bottle = 45 cc
and mass of equal volume of liquid in density bottle 65 - 30 = 35g
R.D of liquid = (mass of 45 cc of liqjuid)/(mass of 45 cc of water)
= 35/45
= 7/9
= 0.77