ICSE Solutions and Questions Answers for Major Agencies of the United Nations Class 10 History
We are going to learn the ICSE Solutions of fourteen chapter of the History textbook of Class 10. The name of the chapter is Major Agencies of the United Nations. All types of questions including very short answer type, short answer type, structured questions and questions based on picture perception has been provided. This ICSE solutions for Major Agencies of the United Nations will help the students in learning the chapter outcome.
| Name of the chapter | Major Agencies of the United Nations |
| Subject | History and Civics |
| Topics covered |
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| Related Readings |
Very Short Questions
1. When is the World Health Day celebrated?
Answer
World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7th April.
2. WHO is a specialized agency devoted to a specific cause. What is this cause?
Answer
The cause to which the World Health Organisation is devoted is ‘Health for All’.
3. When was UNESCO formed?
Answer
The Constitution of UNESCO was signed on 16th November 1945 in London by 47 States but it came into force a year later on 4th November 1946.
4. When was the Literacy Year celebrated by UNESCO?
Answer
1990 was declared to be the Literacy Year celebrated by UNESCO.
5. Under which principal organ do the specialized agencies work?
Answer
The specialized agencies are monitored by the Economic and Social Council.
6. State one way in which the UNICEF raises funds.
Answer
Sale of UNICEF cards is an important source of income and is popular worldwide.
7. When was the International Year of Child celebrated by UNICEF and to what purpose?
Answer
The UNICEF celebrated 1979 as the 'International Year of Child' to focus the attention of people on the rights and welfare of the children.
8. How have UNICEF's efforts for the upliftment of child given recognition?
Answer
The UNICEF was awarded by the Nobel Prize in 1965 and the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace in 1989.
9. When is the World Health Day celebrated?
Answer
World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7th April.
10. Write the full form of the following :
(i) UNICEF (ii) WHO (iii) UNESCO
Answer
(i) UNICEF: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.
(ii) WHO: World Health Organisation.
(iii) UNESCO: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
11. Name the organisation associated with the above emblem. With what aim was it established?
Answer
The organisation in the emblem is UNICEF. It was set up by the General Assembly in 1946. It then aimed at giving relief to the children and their mothers as an emergency measure after the Second World War.
12. Name the two prizes awarded to the UNICEF.
Answer
(i) Nobel Prize for Peace in 1965.
(ii) Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace in 1989.
13. What is the source of finance of the UNICEF?
Answer
Contribution of money is made by voluntary organisations, governments and persons. UNICEF also raises funds from sale of greeting cards. ($100 million)
14. When was the WHO established? Where are the headquarters of the WHO?
Answer
WHO was established on 7th April, 1948 in Switzerland, at Geneva. 7th April is also observed as the World Health Day.
Short Answer Questions
1. State the functions performed by UNICEF for the well-being of mother and child.
Answer
(i) To assist countries in providing protective food like milk, meat, fish, fats, etc to the children and to train nutritionists.
(ii) To take care of the woman and pregnant mothers.
(iii) To undertake Child Immunization and Oral Rehydration Projects in order to prevent diseases and restore good health.
(iv) To support programmes to prevent trafficking of women and children, and to prevent crime by them and against them.
2. List the main functions of WHO.
Answer
(i) To promote and co-ordinate research in the field of health, to finance research projects in their priority areas.
(ii) To set international standards for food, water, biological and pharmaceutical products such as drugs, medicines and vaccines.
(iii) To make efforts to bring improvement in the fields of primary health care, sanitation, safe drinking water, environmental hygiene, etc.
(iv) To fight diseases throughout the world, to prevent their spread at the source. It launched programme to immunise children against six major diseases - Measles, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio and Whooping Cough.
3. Describe the functions of UNESCO with respect to education?
Answer
(i) To work for universal primary education, distance education and open school system and also adult education for the removal of illiteracy.
(ii) To give advice and financial assistance for the education of the disabled, the children, the girl child and women.
(iii) To provide fellowship, study-grants to teachers to do research in theories and methods of teaching and evaluation.
(iv) To develop libraries with financial help.
(v) To promote education as an instrument for international understanding.
4. How does the UNESCO contribute in development of science and technology?
Answer
(i) To provide financial assistance and promote research in mathematics, geology, physics, oceanography, engineering and technology in developing count.
(ii) To inform all countries about the progress in science through bulletins, exhibitions and journals. "Courier" is the official monthly magazine of the UNESCO.
5 What purpose do the major agencies of the United Nations serve?
Answer
The purposes of the UNO are achievement of 'International co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedom.'
6 How did the UNICEF come into existence and to what purpose?
Answer
The UNICEF was created through a resolution of the UN General Assembly in 1946, to meet the emergency needs of children in Europe and China immediately after Second World War. In 1950 the General Assembly changed its mandate to programme of long-range benefit to children of the developing countries.
7 What do you know about UNICEF'S composition?
Answer
UNICEF is a subsidiary organisation of the UNO and performs its functions under the UN Economic and Social Council. It has an Executive Board with 41 members. The Executive Director of the Board is appointed by the Secretary General in consultation with the board.
8 Which agency of the UN looks after the interests of the children in the World? What was the original purpose of setting up this agency?
Answer
UNICEF is the only UN agency dedicated exclusively to children. It speaks on behalf of the children and upholds the convention on the rights of the child and works for its implementation.
9 What services does the UNICEF provide for the improvement of children?
Answer
The UNICEF provides services in primary health care, nutrition, basic education and sanitation for children. It works for family and child welfare and promotes vocational training, carry on community based programmes involving people's participation.
10 What emergency help does the UNICEF provide?
Answer
UNICEF provides emergency help to the children who are victims of floods, earthquakes, drought or stricken by endemic diseases, victims of war disasters. It also has special programmes for poverty stricken and suffering from mental and physical disabilities.
11 Name the major agencies of the U.N.O. OR Give the expanded form of W.H.O.
OR
Give the expanded form of UNICEF.
OR
Give the expanded form of UNESCO.
Answer
The major agencies of the U.N.O. are as under:
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) World Health Organisation (WHO) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) International Labour Organisation (ILO).
12 State the purpose of the programmes of UN agencies.
Answer
The main purpose of UN and its agencies is not only concerned with maintenance of peace and security in the world. It is expected to engage in programs for economic and social progress of poor nations. UN has 18 major agencies and 14 major programmes and fund devoted to achieve economic and social progress. UN and its agencies are engaged in programs related to alleviation of poverty, education, health, agricultural development, human rights, workers rights and protection of environment.
13 What is UNDP ? Write down two functions of UNDP.
Answer
The full form of UNDP is United Nations Development Program.
It is the funding agency for most of the assistance provided to the developing countries by the UN system. It has its headquarters in New York.
Two of UNDP functions are:
- Surveys with a view to assess country's natural resources for increasing agricultural and industrial output.
- Expansion of education so as to make it technology oriented.
14. What was the purpose behind setting up UNICEF?
Answer
The UNICEF or United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund was established in 1946 to deliver relief to children and their mothers immediately after the second world war.
15. When the international year of the child was celebrated?
Answer
1979 was celebrated by UNICEF as international year of the child to focus attention on the rights and welfare of children.
16. What steps have been taken for the improvement of health of children?
Answer
To prevent diseases and malnutrition the UNICEF has launched a four point programme:
(i) Immunization.
(ii) Oral dehydration.
(iii) Advocating breast feeding.
(iv) Monitoring growth.
It provides balanced and protective food like milk, meat and fish etc. It provides vaccines, educates parents, and teaches prevention of dehydration and benefits of breast feeding.
17 What efforts has the UNICEF made for education and improvement of sanitation?
Answer
The UNICEF provides funds for programmes advocating education for development, training and orientation of national personnel including health, sanitation workers, teachers, nutritionist and child welfare specialists. It supports AIDS education and families of AIDS victims. Helps the community to cope up with this problem. For education, they provides paper, textbooks and equipment like pumps and pipes for bringing clean water to villages.
18 How has UNICEF contributed in prevention of diseases in the world?
Answer
The UNICEF have saved millions of children suffering from preventable diseases by universal immunization programmes and prevents diarrhoea) death by rehydration therapy. Special programmes for disabled children are carried out. Consumption of iodized salt as proposed by UNICEF protects around 12 million infants from mental retardation each year.
19 What steps has the UNICEF taken to protect women's interest?
Answer
Women's development is also one of the aims of UNICEF. It provides facilities for pregnant mothers. A number of maternity homes have been opened. It takes care of the interest of women and has extended support to various conventions for the suppression of traffic in women and children, crime prevention and child labour. It protects rights of children.
20 When was WHO formed and for what purpose?
Answer
The World Health Organisation is guided by the belief that the enjoyment of highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, and political belief, economic or social condition. It was formed on 7th April, 1948, for achieving highest standards of health.
21 How was the WHO formed?
Answer
The governing body of WHO is the World Health Assembly represented by all member States of UNO which elects the Executive Board of WHO consisting of 31 members. They are specialists in the field of health and their technical competence is the main criteria for selection. The membership of World Health Assembly is open to all members of UNO which meets annually to review the work of WHO. The Executive Board of 31 members is its executive arm.
22 What is the role of UNESCO for preservation of cultural heritage?
Answer
- It helps a number of countries in the preservation of their cultural heritage and also protects monuments of artistic or historic symbolic interests.
For example: The Asian Temple of Abu has been saved with the help of the UNESCO. - To encourage cultural exchange, it gives travel-grants to writers and artists under the project 'Mutual Appreciation of Eastern and Western Cultural Values'.
- To promote artistic creation in literature and fine arts.
- It encourages translation of rare mauscripts.
23 What does UNESCO undertake for bolstering communication?
Answer
- It gets up regional network, trained technicians and deals with both hardware and software aspects of informatics.
- It improves the quality of the press, the films and video services.
- It upholds the freedom of the press and independence of the media.
24 Mention the steps under taken by UNESCO to improve education.
Answer
- UNESCO provides advice and expert assistance in matters like school construction and preparation of courses of study and text books.
- Main areas of focus of the UNICEF are to provide basic education for all, to expand access to basic education, improve the quality of basic education and education for the 21st century.
- It also organizes book-fairs and festivals at international and national levels to promote education.
- It has set up educational planning centres which prepare specialists in the theories and methods of education.
- It provides study grants to teachers and scholars and has set up International Institute of Educational Planning at Paris.
25 Mention the areas in which WHO conducts research.
Answer
- The WHO promotes and coordinates research in the field of health by financing research projects in many countries.
- Its research activities include nutritious food, environmental safety, mental health, control of specific diseases like cancer, heart-attack etc.
26 What is the role of WHO in control of diseases?
Answer
(i) It sets international standards with respect to biological and pharmaceutical products. It also provides essential drugs to developing countries.
(ii) Many deadly diseases like small pox, measles, diphtheria, polio, T.B. have been brought under control with the help of the WHO. It tries to prevent the spread of diseases to other countries by checking the disease at the source.
27 Give an example of the library system developed by UNESCO?
Answer
Development of library system is an important component of continuing education. Delhi Public Library established in 1951 with financial assistance from UNESCO has developed into a big metropolitan public library system.
28 State the magazines/journals issued by UNESCO and WHO?
Answer
'Courier' is the official monthly magazine of UNESCO. Its Hindi and Tamil editions are available in India. WHO publishes health journals like the Bulletin of the World Health Organisation' to create health consciousness among people.
Long Answer Type
1. What are the main functions of the UNICEF with regards to:
(a) Child welfare
(b) Prevention of diseases
(c) Technical assistance and services
Answer
Major functions of the UNICEF:
(a) Child welfare:
- UNICEF works for the protection of children in respect of their survival, health, and well-being. This is done in cooperation with individuals, civic groups, governments and the private sector.
- It provides help to children and mothers in emergencies arising from natural calamities, civil strikes and epidemics. It helps in providing protective food like, milk, meat, fish and fats to the children and pregnant women.
- UNICEF performs various other functions. As the sole agency for children, it speaks on behalf of children and upholds the Convention on the Rights of the Child and works for its implementation.
(b) Prevention of diseases:
- Universal Child Immunisation against preventable diseases s was one of the leading goals of UNICEF.
- It makes effort to prevent diseases like tuberculosis (T.B.), malaria, eye diseases, skin diseases, etc.
(c) Technical assistance and services:
- It provides technical supplies, equipment and other aids, ranging from paper for textbooks, to equipment and medicines to health clinics, to pipes and pumps for bringing clean water to villages.
- It assists governments to plan, develop and extend community-based services in the fields of maternal and child health, nutrition, clean water and sanitation. It provides funds for training personnel, including health and sanitation workers, teachers and nutritionists.
2. Name the organisation associated with the above emblem. Mention the following functions of the organization named by you.
(a) Medical Care
(b) Disease eradication
(c) Health awareness
(d) Provision of facilities
The organisation associated with the emblem is W.H.O.
Answer
Major functions of the W.H.O.:
(a) Medical Care:
- It gives important drugs needed for medical care. The WHO launched a programme to immunise children against six major diseases-Measles, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio and Whooping Cough.
- It defines standards for the strength and purity of medicines including biological products.
(b) Disease eradication:
- It promotes research to cure and prevent diseases. For example, it arranged for the investigation of cancer and heart diseases in laboratories is many countries to identify disease-causing organisms, to improve vaccines and to train research workers.
- It aims at fighting diseases and preventing them from spreading. Malaria eradication programme continues to be the world's biggest health programme.
- It makes special efforts in combating diarrhoeal including biological products.
(c) Health awareness:
- It organises conferences, seminars and training for health care personnel from different countries.
- It publishes health journals like the 'Bulletin of the World Health Organisation' to create health consciousness among people.
(d) Provision of facilities:
- It helps countries to improve their health system by building up infrastructure especially manpower, institutions and services for the individual and community.
- It works towards providing safe drinking water and adequate waste disposal. The decade 1981-1990 was declared as the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade.
3. What are the major functions of UNICEF?
Answer
Major functions of UNICEF are:
(i) It provides services in primary health, nutrition, family and child welfare, basic education, vocational training for the benefit of children, sanitation and women's development programmes are undertaken in developing countries.
(ii) These programmes include providing balanced food and protective food like milk, meat, fish etc.
(iii) Training and orientation of national personnel including health and sanitation workers, teachers, nutritionists and child welfare specialists.
(iv) Technical supplies, equipment and other aids ranging from paper for text books and equipments and medicines for health to pipes and pumps for bringing dean water to villages are delivered.
(v) Basic social services are provided for children in developing countries like campaigns against endemic diseases and preventable diseases and malnutrition have been carried on. Emergency help is provided to victims of floods, earthquakes drought or other diseases.
(vi) Interests of women and facilities for pregnant women are provided. Conventions for suppression of traffic in women and children, crime prevention etc. are supported.
4. What are the major achievements of the UNICEF?
Answer
Major achievements of UNICEF:
The four point programme against preventable diseases:
(i) Immunization,
(ii) Oral dehydration,
(iii) Advocating breast feeding,
(iv) Monitoring growth.
This has reduced diseases considerably. UNICEF celebrated 1979 as the International Year of the Child for focusing people's attention on the rights of children. It has supported AIDS education and helps families of its victims. Health centers and maternity homes have been established. Poverty stricken, disabled, demented and victims of other emergencies are provided special protection. With UNICEF's efforts a world summit for children was held at UN headquarters attended by representatives of 150 countries. Thus, along with other UN agencies UNICEF has achieved considerable success in achieving its goals, but there is still a lot more to be done.
5. What does the WHO do to achieve its objective of ensuring 'Health for All'?
Answer
'Health for All by 2000' was a target set by WHO's members in the year 1977. The programme included:
Education about prevailing health problems and their prevention. Promotion of food supplies, proper nutrition, adequate safe water and basic sanitation. Family planning, care of child and mother. Universal immunization against infectious diseases. Prevention and control of endemic diseases. Provision for essential drugs and prevention and control of common diseases.
6. What are the main functions of WHO.
Answer
The main functions of WHO are :
- To promote in co-operation with other specialized agencies, the improvement of nutrition like drinking water and sanitation, housing, economic and working conditions, environmental hygiene, and maternal and child health, including family planning.
- To help countries to reinforce their health systems by building up infrastructure, particularly health, manpower including services, health institutions and the provision of essential drugs and other supplies and equipment.
- To prevent the spread of disease and epidemics internationally and to help the nations to stamp out diseases at the source, to prevent them from spreading to other countries.
- To promote improved standards of teaching and training in health, medical and related fields.