ICSE Solutions for Chapter 10 Magnetism Class 9 Physics Selina Publisher
Exercise 10(A)
1. What is a lodestone?Lodestone is an ore of iron oxide (Fe3O4). This ore attracts small pieces of iron and it sets itself along a definite direction when it is suspended freely. It is a natural magnet which was used for the navigation by the mariners.
The pieces of lodestone found in nature are called the natural magnets. Limitations of a natural magnet are as listed below:
- They are irregular and odd shaped.
- They are not magnetically very strong.
An artificial magnet is a magnetized piece of iron (or other magnetic material).
Artificial magnets are required because:
- Natural magnets have odd and irregular shape and they are not magnetically very strong.
- Artificial magnets can be given desired shape and made very strong.
[Hint : Iron rod gets magnetised when placed near a bar magnet by magnetic induction, while copper rod does not get magnetised]
AnswerIron rod is magnetized when placed near a bar magnet by magnetic induction, while copper rod is not magnetized.
[Hint : A magnet when suspended freely will rest only in the north-south direction, but the soft iron bar will rest in any direction]
AnswerA magnet when suspended freely will rest only in north-south direction, but the soft iron bar will rest in any direction.
(a) The two ends of a magnet are called ______.
(b) Unlike poles of a magnet _______ each other.
(c) Like poles of a magnet ______ each other.
(d) A freely suspended magnet rests in the geographic _______ direction.
Answer(a) Poles,
(b) Attract
(c) repel
(d) north-south
If a small magnet is suspended by a silk thread such that it can swing freely then it rests itself in the geographic north-south direction.
The magnetism acquired by a magnetic material when it is kept near (or in contact with) a magnet, is called induced magnetism.
The process in which a piece of magnetic material acquires the magnetic properties temporarily in presence of another magnet near it is called the magnetic induction.
When a piece of iron is placed near or in contact with a magnet, the piece of iron becomes a magnet i.e., it acquires the property of attracting iron filings when they are brought near its ends. Thus, a piece of iron behaves as a magnet as long as it is kept near (or in contact with) a magnet.
When iron nails are brought near one end of a magnet, the nearer end of piece acquires an opposite polarity by magnetic induction. Since unlike poles attract each other, therefore, iron nails are attracted towards the end of the magnet. Thus, the iron nail first becomes a magnet by induction and then it is attracted.
(a) When two pins are hung by their heads from the same pole of a magnet, their pointed ends moves apart.
(b) Several soft iron pins can cling, one below the other, from the pole of a magnet.
(c) The north end of a freely suspended magnetic needle gets attracted towards a piece of soft iron placed a little distance away from the needle.
Answer(a) When two pins are hung by their heads from the same pole of a magnet, they acquire same polarity. Because like poles repel each other, their pointed ends move apart.
(b) Several soft iron pins can cling one below the other from the pole of a magnet because the magnet induces magnetism in an iron nail which gets attracted by the magnet and clings to it. This magnetized nail magnetizes the other nail near it by magnetic induction and attracts it. This process continues until force of attraction on first nail is sufficient to balance the total weight of all nails in chain.
(c) When a piece of soft iron is placed a little distance away from the needle, the needle induces magnetism to the piece of soft iron. Thus, soft iron piece starts behaving like a magnet and it attracts the magnetic needle towards it.
The iron bar acquires magnetism due to magnetic induction.
If the magnet is removed, the iron bar loses its magnetism.
Induced magnetism is temporary as it lasts as long as the magnet causing induction remains in it vicinity.
When a piece of magnetic material is brought near a magnet, it first becomes a magnet by induction and then it is attraction. Thus, we say that induction precedes attraction.
A magnetic field line is a continuous curve in a magnetic field such that tangent at any point of it gives the direction of the magnetic field at that point.
- They are closed and continuous curves.
- They are directed from the North Pole towards the South Pole outside the magnet.
- The tangent at any point on a field line gives the direction of magnetic field at that point.
- Two magnetic lines never intersect each other.
17. Explain why iron filings which are sprinkled on a sheet of cardboard over a bar magnet take up a definite pattern when cardboard is slightly tapped.
The iron filings take up a definite pattern (curved lines). This happens because each piece of iron filing becomes a magnet to the magnetic induction of the magnet. It thus experiences a force in the direction of magnetic field of the bar magnet at that point and aligns itself along curved lines.
Method of plotting the magnetic field lines using a compass needle:
Fix a sheet of paper on a drawing board by means of board pins. Place a small compass needle at position 1 as shown in fig (a) and looking from the top of the needle, mark two pencil dots exactly at two ends of the needle. Then move the compass needle to position 2 in such a way that one end of needle coincides with the second pencil dot. Repeat the process of moving the compass needle to positions 3, 4,… to obtain several dots. On joining the different dots, you will get a straight line. Thus one line of magnetic field of earth is traced.
This process is repeated starting from a different point and tracing out another line of magnetic field. In this manner, several lines of magnetic field can be drawn. Each line should be labeled with an arrow from the south pole of the needle towards the north pole to indicate the direction of the magnetic field. Fig (b) shows several magnetic lines so obtained.
No two magnetic field lines can intersect each other. If they do, there would be two directions of the field at that point which is not possible.
In (a) The North Pole of two magnets is facing each other. So, the field lines will be
In (b) The North Pole of one magnet is facing the South Pole of the other. So, the field lines will be
Two evidences of existence of earth’s magnetic field:
(i) A freely suspended magnetic needle always rests in geographic north-south direction.
(ii) Neutral points are obtained on plotting the field lines of a magnet.
(b) State whether the magnetic field lines in part (a) represent a uniform magnetic field or non-uniform magnetic field?
Answer(a)
(b) The magnetic field lines are non-uniform in nature.
(a) Insert two magnetic field lines on either side of the magnet using
arrow head to show the direction of each field line.
(b) Indicate by crosses, the likely positions of the neutral points.
(c) What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at each neutral point?
Give a reason for your answer.
Answer(a)
(b)
(c) Magnitude of magnetic field at neutral points is zero. It is so because at these points, the magnetic field of the magnet is equal in magnitude to the earth’s horizontal magnetic field, but it is in opposite direction. Hence, they cancel each other.
It can be concluded that magnetic field at that point is zero. This is because the earth’s magnetic field at that point is neutralized by the magnetic field of some other magnetized material.
Neutral points are the points where the magnetic field of the magnet is equal in magnitude to the earth’s horizontal magnetic field, but it is in opposite direction. Thus the net magnetic field at the neutral points is zero.
Since the net magnetic field is zero at neutral points, the compass needle remains unaffected (i.e. it comes to rest pointing in any direction) at these points and hence, they can be detected.
(i) Neutral points will be in east-west direction.
(ii) Neutral points will be north-south direction.
(a) If the field lines in a magnetic field are parallel and equidistant, the magnetic field is ______ .
(b) At a neutral point, the resultant magnetic field is _______.
(c) The neutral points of a bar magnet kept with its north pole pointing towards geographic north are located _______.
Answer(a) Uniform,
(b) Zero
(c) On either side of the magnet in east and west.
Multiple Choice Questions 10(A)
(a) Repel each other
(b) Attract each other
(c) First attract each other, then repel
(d) Neither attract nor repel.
AnswerRepel each other
(a) Curved
(b) Parallel equidistant straight lines
(c) Parallel but non-equi spaced straight lines
(d) Nothing can be said.
AnswerParallel equidistant straight lines
Exercise 10(B)
1. What is an electromagnet?
AnswerAn electromagnet is a temporary strong magnet made from a piece of soft iron when current flows in the coil wound around it. It is an artificial magnet.
The material used for preparing an electromagnet is soft iron.
An electromagnet is made by winding an insulated copper wire around a soft iron core either in the shape of a solenoid or U-shape.
The strength of magnetic field of an electromagnet depends on:
- The number of turns of wire wound around the coil, and
- The amount of current flowing through the wire.
4. You are required to make an electromagnet from a soft iron bar by using a cell, an insulated coil of copper wire and a switch.
(a) Draw a circuit diagram to represent the process.
(b) Label the poles of the electromagnet.
Answer
The polarity at X is North and at Y is South.
By increasing the number of turns of winding in the solenoid, the strength of the electromagnet can be increased.
The device formed is an electromagnet.
Use:
For separating the magnetic substances such as iron from other debris.
The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by following ways:
- Increasing the number of turns of winding in the solenoid.
- Increasing the current through the solenoid.
9. Name one device that uses an electromagnet.
The electromagnet is used in an electric relay.
- An electromagnet can produce a strong magnetic field.
- The strength of the magnetic field of an electromagnet can easily be changed by changing the current in its solenoid.
11. State two differences between an electromagnet and a permanent magnet.
| Electromagnet | Permanent magnet |
| It is made up of soft iron | It is made up of steel |
| The magnetic field strength can be changed | The magnetic field strength cannot be changed |
| Electromagnets of very strong field can be made. | Permanent magnets are not so strong. |
12. Why is soft iron used as the core of the electromagnet in an electric bell?
The soft iron bar acquires the magnetic properties only when an electric current flows through the solenoid and loses the magnetic properties as the current is switched off. Hence, soft iron is used as the core of the electromagnet in an electric bell.
If an a.c. source is used in place of a battery, the core of the electromagnet will get magnetized, but the polarity at its ends will change. Since attraction of armature does not depend on the polarity of the electromagnet, the bell will still ring on pressing the switch.
The material used for making the armature of an electric bell is soft iron which can induce magnetism rapidly.
Multiple Choice Questions 10(B)
(c) Electromagnets are made up of soft iron.
(a) reversing the directions of current
(b) using alternating current of high frequency
(c) increasing the current in the coil
(d) decreasing the number of turns of coil
Answer(c) Increasing the current through the coil.