Workbook Answers for The Tempest by William Shakespeare Act 4 Scene 1 ISC
The Tempest Act 4 Scene 1 Workbook Answers
Extract 1
PROSPERO. If I have too austerely punish’d you,
Your compensation makes amends, for I
Have given you here a third of mine own life,
Or that for which I live; who once again
I tender to thy hand. All thy vexations
Were but my trials of thy love, and thou
Hast strangely stood the test. Here, afore Heaven,
I ratify this my rich gift. O Ferdinand,
Do not smile at me that I boast her off,
For thou shalt find she will outstrip all praise
And make it halt behind her.
1. Where is Prospero? Who else are with him?
Answer
Prospero is at his residence. Miranda and Ferdinand are along with him. Prospero is talking with Ferdinand while warning him about the virtues of marriage.
2. How has Prospero punished Ferdinand? Why was it severe, physically and psychologically?
Answer
Prospero has punished Ferdinand by giving him various tasks, such as carrying and piling up logs, etc. These tasks were severe, physically and psychologically because it was the work of fellow labor not of a king's son. Prospero gave him such a task in order to check his strength and true love towards Miranda.
3. How does Prospero compensate Ferdinand for the punishment borne by the latter?
Answer
Prospero says Ferdinand that | have given you severe punishment, in order to test and get the rightful husband for my daughter. Later on, Prospero compensates Ferdinand by giving his daughter to Ferdinand, in the witness of heaven.
4. What is referred to as “thy vexations”? State how has Ferdinand stood the test? What was his consolation?
Answer
“Thy vexations” refers to the trouble and punishment which Prospero gave to Ferdinand. Ferdinand stood well and passed the test. His consolation was Miranda which he got after passing several tests.
5. Why does Prospero ask Ferdinand not to smile at him?
Answer
Prospero asks Ferdinand not to smile at him for praising Miranda highly because as per him Ferdinand will find that Miranda surpasses all acclaim given to her.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) amends
(b) outstrip
Answer
(a) amends: compensate or make up for wrong doing
(b) outstrip: move faster and overtake
Extract 2
FERDINAND. I do believe it
Against an oracle.
PROSPERO. Then, as my gift, and thine own acquisition
Worthily purchas’d, take my daughter.
Sit then and talk with her; she is thine own.
What, Ariel! My industrious servant, Ariel!
Enter ARIEL.
ARIEL. What would my potent master? here I am.
PROSPERO. Thou and thy meaner fellows your last
service
Did worthily perform; and I must use you
In such another trick. Go bring the rabble,
(O’er whom I give thee pow’r) here to this place.
Incite them to quick motion, for I must
Bestow upon the eyes of this young couple
Some vanity of mine art. It is my promise,
And they expect it from me.
1. What is an oracle? What is it that Ferdinand believes even against an oracle?
Answer
Oracle is a priest who acts as a medium through whom advice was sought from the Gods. Ferdinand does not believe that Prospero has given his daughter, Miranda to him.
2. What was “thine own acquisition, worthily purchased”? How was it purchased?
Answer
Miranda as "thine own acquisition\" was worthily purchased. It was gifted by Prospero to Ferdinand for the punishment and test he has passed.
3. Why was Ariel summoned all of a sudden? Who are the rabble? What were the rabble asked to do?
Answer
Ariel has been summoned all of a sudden because he had been asked by Prospero to bring all other spirits who had helped him in his assignment. Rabble refers to all other spirits which had helped Prospero in his earlier assignments. They all are asked to gather together as Prospero wants to show a quick display of his magical powers to the two young lovers.
4. What is the vanity of Prospero’s art? How is it presented?
Answer
Vanity of Prospero's art is the display of his magical powers to young couples. It is to be presented together by all other spirits for Ferdinand and Miranda because Prospero wanted to show them an exhibition of his power.
5. What does Ariel say that Prospero’s command will be carried without any delay?
Answer
Ariel says that Prospero's command will be carried without any delay because Ariel was a spirit and he can follow Prospero's commands before he breathes.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage
(a) industrious
(b) potent
Answer
(a) industrious: diligent and hard-working
(b) potent: great power
Extract 3
IRIS. Ceres, most bounteous lady, thy rich leas
Of wheat, rye, barley, vetches, oats, and pease;
Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep,
And flat meads thatch’d with stover, them to keep;
Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims,
Which spungy April at thy hest betrims,
To make cold nymphs chaste crowns; and thy broomgroves,
Whose shadow the dismissed bachelor loves,
Being lass-lorn; thy pole-clipt vineyard,
And thy sea-marge, sterile and rocky-hard,
Where thou thyself dost air—the Queen o’ the sky,
Whose wat’ry arch and messenger am I,
Bids thee leave these, and with her sovereign Grace,
Here on this grass-plot, in this very place,
To come and sport. Her peacocks fly amain.
Approach, rich Ceres, her to entertain.
1. Who is Iris? Whom does she invoke?
Answer
Iris is the rainbow-bearing messenger sent by her mistress Juno-the queen of the sky. She invokes Ceres, the goddess of the field and earth.
2. How does Iris describe the fields, mountains, and riverbanks?
Answer
Iris describes fields as rich farms of wheat, rye, barley, oats and peas, and describes hills as the place where the sheep graze and describe riverbanks as that covered in vines and branches.
3. Who is Juno? Who is her messenger? What does the messenger tell Ceres on behalf of Juno?
Answer
Juno is the queen of the sky. Her messenger is Iris, and she tells Ceres on behalf of Juno to leave fields, mountains, and riverbanks and join the celebration of two lovers while blessing them.
4. Quote any two lines from the extract to state how a natural scenery is described.
Answer
"Thy rich leas Of wheat, rye, barley, vetches, oats, and peas; Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep." These lines show us the natural beauty described in the extract. These lines describe the natural scenery as farms of wheat, rye, barley oats, and mountains are described as grassy hills where nibbling sheep sleeps.
5. Show how attractive is nature Ceres’care.
Answer
Nature is described attractive under Ceres's care who is the goddess of mother earth and takes care of farms of rich wheat, barley and oats, mountains where the nibbling sheep sleeps and river banks with rock seashore.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) spongy
(b) watery arch
Answer
(a) spongy: like a sponge
(b) watery arch: rainbow
Extract 4
CERES. Hail, many-colored messenger, that ne’er
Dost disobey the wife of Jupiter;
Who with thy saffron wings upon my flow’rs
Diffusest honey-drops, refreshing show’rs,
And with each end of thy blue bow dost crown
My bosky acres and my unshrubb’d down,
Rich scarf to my proud earth—why hath thy Queen
Summon’d me hither, to this short-grass’d blue?
IRIS. A contract of true love to celebrate,
And some donation freely to estate
On the bless’d lovers.
1. Who is the messenger and who is Jupiter?
Answer
The messenger is Iris and Jupiter is the chief God in Roman mythology. His wife's name is Juno, and Iris is Juno's messenger.
2. What does Ceres say about the messenger? What question does Ceres ask the messenger at the end of her speech?
Answer
Ceres greets Iris by appreciating her golden wings, which sprinkles dew drops on flowers and says her that you arch your colored bows over my wooded fields and grassy meadows. Ceres asks Iris, the messenger, why has your queen, Juno called me here at this grassy spot.
3. What does Iris do to the mother earth?
Answer
Iris has decorated the mother earth by sprinkling dewdrops and shower on flowers. He also arched the colored bow over the wooded fields and grassy meadows.
4. How does the extract above describe the rain and the rainbow?
Answer
In the above extract, the rain is described as sprinkling dewdrops and shower on flowers, whereas rainbow is described as the colorful arch bowing over the wooden fields and grassy meadows.
5. Why has Ceres been avoiding the company of Venus and her blind son?
Answer
Ceres has been avoiding the company of Venus and her son Cupid because once Pluto, the god of death carried off her daughter Prosperina, with the help of Venus and her son Cupid.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) contract
(b) estate
Answer
(a) contract: agreement
(b) estate: expensive area of land in a country
Extract 5
IRIS. Of her society
Be not afraid. I met her Deity
Cutting the clouds towards Paphos; and her son
Dove-drawn with her. Here thought they to have done
Some wanton charm upon this man and maid,
Whose vows are, that no bed-right shall be paid
Till Hymen’s torch be lighted; but in vain,
Mars’s hot minion is return’d again;
Her waspish-headed son has broke his arrows,
Swears he will shoot no more, but play with sparrows,
And be a boy right out.
1. Why needn’t Ceres be afraid of the company of Venus or her son?
Answer
Ceres need not to be afraid of the company of Venus and her son because Iris has met Venus and her son Cupid on their way to home in Pap hos, in a carriage pulled by doves.
2. What magic charm did Venus and her son plan against Ferdinand and Miranda? What was its result?
Answer
Venus and her son planned a mischievous trick on Ferdinand and Miranda who had sworn not sleep together till their wedding day, but their trick failed, and Venus with his son Cupid went home back and Cupid broke all his arrows swearing that now he will never shoot anyone again, and would play with birds like other boys.
3. Who is Hymen? Why is he referred to in the extract? Who is Mars and Mars’, minion?
Answer
Hymen was the God of marriages and he was supposed to be carrying a lamp which was lighted when marriage was solemnized. Mars and Mars’ minion refers to Venus, the wife of Mars.
4. Why is Cupid said to be waspish-headed? What is said about him in this context?
Answer
Cupid is said to be waspish-headed because he was hot-headed. It is said about him in this context that he has broken all his arrows and swore that he will never shoot anyone again and would instead play with birds like other boys.
5. How does Ceres know that Juno is coming on the scene?
Answer
Ceres came to know that Juno is coming on the scene because she knew his walk. Juno appears in the scene and refers to Ceres as her sister and requests Ceres to come and bless both the lovers so that they live happily.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) society
(b) Paphos
Answer
(a) society: company
(b) Paphos: a town in the coastal city of South West Cyprus
Extract 6
JUNO. Honor, riches, marriage-blessing,
Long continuance, and increasing,
Hourly joys be still upon you!
Juno sings her blessings on you.
CERES. Earth’s increase, foison plenty,
Barns and garners never empty;
Vines with clust’ring bunches growing,
Plants with goodly burthen bowing;
Spring come to you at the farthest
In the very end of harvest!
Scarcity and want shall shun you,
Ceres’ blessing so is on you.
FERDINAND. This is a most majestic vision, and
Harmonious charmingly. May I be bold,
To think these spirits?
1. Where does this scene take place? Why are the spirits involved in the scene?
Answer
This scene takes place on the same island, these spirits are involved in the scene because Prospero had asked his servant Ariel to gather all the spirits together who were involved in his earlier assignments as Prospero wanted to present a show of his magical powers to Ferdinand and Miranda.
2. Who is Juno? Who has invited her to come on the scene? Why?
Answer
Juno is the queen of the sky, Ariel has invited her to come on the scene, because Prospero has asked Ariel to gather all the spirits who were involved with him in the previous assignments as he wanted to present a magical show to the young lovers.
3. What does Juno say when giving her blessing to the couple?
Answer
Juno blesses the couple by wishing and praying from her heart that may they always live happily.
4. Who is Ceres? What does she sing about the bounty of nature?
Answer
Ceres is the goddess of agriculture and all fruits on earth. She sings that may your land always be filled with green plantations, may it bear lots of fruits, may spring immediately come after autumn so that you always get your fruits, may you never face the hardships of winter and may you live happily.
5. Who arranged the majestic vision? Why was it arranged?
Answer
Prospero along with Ceres, Juno, Iris and the other spirits which helped him in his earlier assignments has arranged this majestic vision. It was arranged because Prospero wanted to present his magical power show to Ferdinand and Miranda.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) continuance
(b) foison
Answer
(a) continuance: the state of remaining in existence or operation
(b) foison: plenty
Extract 7
IRIS. You nymphs, call’d Naiades, of the windring
brooks,
With your sedg’d crowns and ever-harmless looks,
Leave your crisp channels, and on this blue land
Answer your summons; Juno does command.
Come, temperate nymphs, and help to celebrate
A contract of true love; be not too late.
Enter certain NYMPHS.
You sunburn’d sicklemen, of August weary,
Come hither from the furrow and be merry.
Make holiday; your rye-straw hats put on,
And these fresh nymphs encounter every one
In country footing.
1. Who are Naiads? Describe their physical appearance and other qualities.
Answer
Naiads are the spirits of the streams. They are beautiful young female spirits, presiding over fountains, wells, spring, and streams.
2. What is meant by’A contract of true love’?Who has to enter into the contract?
Answer
‘A contract of true love' means the wedding of two lovers. Ferdinand and Miranda have to enter this contract.
3. How has he arranged the contract of true love? What steps did he take to ensure that their love was genuine?
Answer
Prospero planned a way accordingly so that Ferdinand and Miranda meet each other, and in order to ensure that Ferdinand's love for Miranda is genuine, he took many tests of Ferdinand by giving him various tasks.
4. What does Iris ask the nymphs and the sickle men to do? How can you conclude from the extract that the celebration was grand?
Answer
Iris asked the nymphs to join them in the celebration by dancing gracefully in their dress, and she asked the sicklemen to leave their work in fields and rejoice in the celebration while blessing them that they always live happily.
5. Who are sickle men? What are they asked to do?
Answer
Sicklemen are the reapers who harvest crops. It is said in the extract that they are tired of working in the farms by the august's summer. They are asked to leave all their work behind and rejoice in the celebration of two lovers.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) channels
(b) weary
Answer
(a) channels: water
(b) weary: extreme tiredness
Extract 8
PROSPERO. You do look, my son, in a mov’d sort,
As if you were dismay’d; be cheerful, sir.
Our revels now are ended. These our actors
(As I foretold you) were all spirits, and
Are melted into air, into thin air,
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp’d tow’rs, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,
And like this insubstantial pageant faded
Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff
As dreams are made on; and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep.
1. State why Ferdinand is in a moved sort.
Answer
Ferdinand is in a moved sort because he is puzzled and surprised to see the sudden change in Prospero's attitude.
2. Why did Prospero abruptly end the revels?
Answer
Prospero abruptly ends the revel because he suddenly remembers the plot of Trinculo, Sebastian, and Caliban to murder him.
3. In what way was the vision unreal? What happens finally according to Prospero to the world and its grand buildings?
Answer
The revel's vision was unreal the actors were all spirits, and they melted in the air as non-existent ingredients. Prospero says that the world and its grand buildings will dissolve as their program dissolved.
4. How does Prospero show that everything on earth has its end?
Answer
Prospero showed that everything on earth has its end as he says that cloud-capped towers, gorgeous places, and solemn temples will get dissolved itself, leaving not even a wisp of cloud behind.
5. What does Prospero, tell Ferdinand about the revels?
Answer
Prospero tells Ferdinand that actors in the revel were all spirits and they all melted in air, like non-existent ingredients.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) dismayed
(b) inherit
Answer
(a) dismayed: cause
(b) inherit: receive
Extract 9
ARIEL. I told you, sir, they were red-hot with drinking,
So full of valor that they smote the air
For breathing in their faces; beat the ground
For kissing of their feet; yet always bending
Towards their project. Then I beat my tabor,
At which, like unback’d colts they prick’d their ears,
Advanced60 their eyelids, lifted up their noses
As they smelt music. So I charm’d their ears
That calf-like they my lowing follow’d through
Tooth’d briers, sharp furzes, pricking goss, and thorns,
Which ent’red their frail shins. At last I left them
I’ th’ filthy-mantled pool beyond your cell,
1. Who are they referred to in the first extract? Where are they?
Answer
Stephano, Trinculo, and Caliban are referred to as ‘they’ in the first extract. They are in the filthy scummy pond behind Prospero's room.
2. Describe what they were doing drunk? What was their project(line 5)?
Answer
They were getting angry on-air for blowing on their face, and they were beating the ground for kissing their feet, but they were moving forward in their project, which was first to find the source of the ditty music and secondly to kill Prospero.
3. Describe the scene that followed when Ariel beat the tabor.
Answer
When Ariel beats the tabor(small drum), they(Sebastian, Trinculo, and Caliban) pricked up their ears and opened their eyes, and being attentive they started looking around for the source of music. Ariel also torments them through thorny shrubs and bushes which toured their sins.
4. Finally, where did Ariel leave them and in what condition?
Answer
Finally Ariel left them in the smelly stinking pond covering their body up to their chins, behind Prospero's house.
5. What further assignment does Prospero give to Ariel?
Answer
Prospero further assigns Ariel to stay invisible and bring all his fancy clothes out of his house.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) valour
(b) Advanced
Answer
(a) valour: showing courage
(b) Advanced: lifted
Extract 10
PROSPERO. A devil, a born devil, on whose nature
Nurture can never stick; on whom my pains,
Humanely taken, all, all lost, quite lost;
And as with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind cankers. I will plague them all,
Even to roaring.
Enter ARIEL, loaden with glistering apparel, etc.
Come, hang them on this line.
PROSPERO and ARIEL remain, invisible. Enter CALIBAN,
STEPHANO, and TRINCULO, all wet.
1. Whom has Prospero wanted to be summoned? Why?
Answer
Prospero wanted Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo to be summoned because Prospero wanted to punish and torment them for their sins, and their plot to kill him.
2. Why is Caliban referred to as “born devil”? What is the impact of education on him? Give two instances to substantiate your answer.
Answer
Caliban is referred to as "born devil” because Prospero brought him up with good intentions and taught him language and signs so that he can communicate better, but Caliban used it to curse Prospero. Overall, Prospero is ungrateful for all that he taught to him. Two instances to substantiate answer are:
- Caliban tried to molest Miranda.
- Caliban’s plan to kill Prospero.
3. What are Caliban’s physical features? Why was Prospero annoyed with him? How do Prospero plan to deal with him and his companions?
Answer
Caliban is an ugly monster, who was the ruler of the island before Prospero came to this island and now he is his slave. Prospero says that his body and his mind is becoming uglier day by day. He is annoyed with him because he is ungrateful for all those that he has taught to him. Prospero plans to deal with him and his companions by tormenting them.
4. From where did Ariel get the glittering garments? Why were they hung in the line?
Answer
Ariel brought the glittering garments from Prospero's house. They were hung on the line so that Caliban, Trinculo, and Stephano could use the line as a bath to come out from that smelly pond and wear those garments as their own clothes were filthy.
5. How did Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo get wet?
Answer
Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo were wet because they just got out from the filthy and scummy pond, with their bodies stinking due to foul water.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) Nurture
(b) cankers
Answer
(a) Nurture: breeding
(b) cankers: becoming poisonous
Extract 11
TRINCULO. Ay, but to lose our bottles in the pool—
STEPHANO. There is not only disgrace and dishonor in
that, monster, but an infinite loss.
TRINCULO. That’s more to me than my wetting; yet this
is your harmless fairy, monster!
STEPHANO. I will fetch off my bottle, though I be o’er
ears for my labor.
CALIBAN. Prithee, my king, be quiet. Seest thou here,
This is the mouth o’ the cell. No noise, and enter.
Do that good mischief which may make this island
Thine own for ever, and I, thy Caliban,
For aye thy foot-licker.
1. What are a disgrace and an infinite loss? Where was the previous article lost? How?
Answer
The disgrace and infinite loss are of the wine bottle which was lost. It was lost in the stinking pool where Trinculo, Stephano, and Caliban were left by Ariel.
2. Who is a harmless fairy? According to Caliban who is to marry the harmless fairy?
Answer
Ariel is a harmless fairy.
3. Who is referred to as my king? Where are the king and Caliban? Why is the king requested to be quiet?
Answer
“My king” is referred to Stephano by Caliban. King and Caliban are before Prospero’s house with the plot to murder Prospero. Lord is mentioned to be calm so that Prospero doesn’t think about their arrangement and they convey their arrangement effectively, with no disturbance.
4. What is good mischief? How would the three benefit from this mischief?
Answer
Good mischief is the plot to murder Prospero. The three are benefitted by this mischief because:
- Caliban would get free from Prospero's authority.
- Stephano would become the king of the island and would marry Miranda.
- Trinculo would become the viceroy of Stephano.
5. Which subplot involving Caliban is referred to in this extract? How is the subplot integrated into the main plot?
Answer
The subplot of murdering Prospero is referred to in this extract.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) disgrace
(b) o’er ears
Answer
(a) disgrace: loss of reputation
(b) o’er ears:(here) Stephano say that he will even “go down” again into the pond to get his wine bottle
Extract 12
CALIBAN. The dropsy drown this fool! what do you
mean
To dote thus on such luggage? Let’t alone
And do the murder first. If he awake,
From toe to crown he’ll fill our skins with pinches,
Make us strange stuff.
STEPHANO. Be you quiet, monster. Mistress line, is not
this my jerkin? Now is the jerkin under the line. Now,
jerkin, you are like to lose your hair, and prove a bald
jerkin.
TRINCULO. Do, do; we steal by line and level, and’t
like your Grace
STEPHANO. I thank thee for that jest; here’s a garment
for’t. Wit shall not go unrewarded while I am king of
this country. “Steal by line and level” is an excellent
pass of pate; there’s another garment for’t.
1. What is meant by “Dropsy drown this fool! “? Why is Caliban annoyed with Trinculo?
Answer
“Dropsy drown this fool” means ‘hell with this idiot'.Caliban is annoyed with Trinculo because he is not serious about the play and crazy behind the fancy clothes of a wardrobe.
2. What was the murder plan? If it is done, what would follow?
Answer
Murder’s plan was to kill Prospero. If it was not done, then Prospero will cover their skin with pinches from head to toe, making them strange creatures.
3. What is referred to as a mistress line and as underline? What allusion is there in their usage?
Answer
There is pun on line. Mistress line means clothes line and under the line means equator line. It is an allusion to what happens to people who pass the line of equator. The violent fever which they contract in that hot climate make them lose their hair.
4. What is meant by, “Steal by line and level”? Why does Stephano give Trinculo another garment?
Answer
“Steal by line and level” means stealing something systematically. Stephano gives Trinculo other garments because Stephano wants to exchange the clothes with which Trinculo has worked.
5. Where did they finally go?
Answer
They finally ran away as Prospero tormented was about to torment them.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) luggage
(b) line and level
Answer
(a) luggage: needless weight
(b) line and level: systematically
Extract 13
PROSPERO. Fury, Fury! there, Tyrant, there! hark, hark!
CALIBAN, STEPHANO, and TRINCULO are driven out.
Go charge my goblins that they grind their joints
With dry convulsions, shorten up their sinews
With aged cramps, and more pinch-spotted make them
Than pard or cat o’ mountain.
ARIEL. Hark, they roar!
PROSPERO. Let them be hunted soundly. At this hour
Lie at my mercy all mine enemies.
Shortly shall all my labors end, and thou
Shalt have the air at freedom. For a little
Follow, and do me service.
1. Who are Fury and Tyrant? What are they asked to do?
Answer
Fury and Tyrant are the two spirits disguised in the form of dogs and hounds. They are asked to chase Caliban, Stephano, Trinculo and torment them.
2. Why are Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo punished?
Answer
Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo are punished because they were planning to kill Prospero, so in order to teach them a lesson Prospero decides to punish them.
3. How does Prospero intend further to punish the three culprits?
Answer
He asks Ariel to chase the three culprits and torment them by tightening their muscles like the cramps of old age, and make them suffer until they are more spotted than a wild cat.
4. Finally, what happens to the three culprits at the end? What does it show about Prospero?
Answer
They are tormented and chased by spirits at the end. It showed the supremacy of Prospero over the three culprits.
5. How is the theme of forgiveness carried out in the play?
Answer
The three culprits are hunted thoroughly and are at the mercy of Prospero. Prospero decides not to take revenge finally and forgives them.
This shows that Prospero is not revengeful and believes in forgiveness rather than taking revenge.
6. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the context of the passage:
(a) convulsions
(b) pard
Answer
(a) convulsions: sudden movement of the body
(b) pard: leopard