ICSE Solutions for Chapter 16 Diseases: Causes and Control Class 9 Biology Selina
Progress Check
1. Match the diseases in Column I with their categories in Column II
|
Column I |
Column II |
|
Plague |
Sporadic |
|
Malaria |
Pandemic |
|
Goitre |
Epidemic |
|
AIDS |
Endemic |
Solution
|
Column I |
Column I |
|
Plague |
Epidemic |
|
Malaria |
Sporadic |
|
Goitre |
Endemic |
|
AIDS |
Pandemic |
2. Classify the following diseases into communicable and non-communicable diseases: cholera, beri-beri, colour blindness, diabetes, malaria, plague, heart-attack.
Communicable ____
Non-communicable ____
Solution
The table classifies the diseases into communicable and non-communicable:
|
Communicable |
Non-communicable |
|
Cholera |
Beri-beri |
|
Malaria |
Colour-blindness |
|
Plague |
Diabetes |
|
Heart-attack |
Review Questions
A. Multiple Choice Type
1. A disease widely spread worldwide is known as
(a) Endemic
(b) Epidemic
(c) Pandemic
(d) Sporadic
Solution
(c) Pandemic
These are the diseases that are widely distributed across the world. Example – AIDS
2. The letter “B” in the name BCG vaccination stands for:
(a) Brief
(b) Beri-beri
(c) Bacteria
(d) Bacillus
(d)Bacillus
It is a vaccination primarily used to treat Tuberculosis.
3. Use of disposable syringes for injecting medicines, etc. is specially advised to prevent
(a) Poliomyelitis
(b) Mumps
(c) Rabies
(d) AIDS
Solution
(d) AIDS
The AIDS virus is highly infective.
4. The vector that transmits the malarial pathogen is:
(a) Culex mosquito
(b) Housefly
(c) Anopheles mosquito
(d) Entamoeba
Solution
(c)Anopheles mosquito
The infective stage of the parasite is transmitted through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito along with its saliva.
5. Amoebiasis is caused by the protozoan:
(a) Amoeba proteus
(b) Euglena
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Entamoeba
Solution
(d)Entamoeba
It is a kind of amoeba that causes amoebic dysentery.
6. BCG vaccine provides immunity against:
(a) Tetanus
(b) Cholera
(c) AIDS
(d) Tuberculosis
Solution
(d)Tuberculosis
BCG is used in the prevention of Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
7. The expanded forms of AIDS is:
(a) Active Immunity Deficiency Syndrome
(b) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
(c) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Status
(d) Active Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
Solution
(b) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS is a pandemic disease caused by HIV.
B. Very short answer type
1. Mention whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
(a) Filiariasis is transmitted by the housefly T/F
(b) Malaria is caused by a protozoan T/F
(c) BCG vaccine is used for chicken pox T/F
(d) Louis Pasteur discovered a cure for malaria T/F
(e) AIDS is caused by a bacterium. T/F
(f) HIV is a serious disease, usually fatal. T/F
(g) AIDS is not transmitted by contact with a patient’s clothes T/F
(h) Chicken pox and hepatitis are bacterial diseases. T/F
(i) Goitre is endemic in sub-Himalayan regions of India. T/F
(j) AIDS is caused by a fungus T/F
(k) Hay fever and asthma are allergies T/F
(l) Smallpox still occurs in India T/F
(m) The disease Filiariasis is caused by the bite of female anopheles mosquito T/F
Solution
(a) F (False). Filariasis is transmitted by the Culex mosquito.
(b) T (True)
(c) F (False).
BCG vaccine is used for tuberculosis.
(d) F (False). Louis Pasteur discovered a cure for rabies.
(e) F (False). AIDS is caused by a virus.
(f) T (True)
(g) T (True)
(h) F (False). Chicken pox and hepatitis are viral diseases.
(i) T (True)
(J) F (False). AIDS is caused by HIV virus.
(k) T (True)
(I) F (False). Smallpox has been eradicated from India.
(m) F (False). The disease filadasis is caused by the filarial worm Wuchereria bancrofti.
2. Write the full form of AIDS.
Solution
AIDS : Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
3. Name the following:
(a) Category of pathogen that causes diseases, like common cold and mumps _____
(b) The vaccine for preventing tuberculosis _____
(c) An organ usually affected by tuberculosis ____
(c) A disease that weakens body’s defense system against infections _____
(d) Germ of germ-substance introduced into the body to prevent occurrence of an infectious disease _____
(e) The vector responsible for transmission of sleeping sickness _____
(f) The microorganism that requires a host to produce____
(g) The popular name of the disease Filiariasis ____
Solution
(a) Viruses
(b) BCG
(c) Lungs
(d) AIDS
(e) Vaccine
(f) Tsetse fly
(g) Virus
(h) Elephantiasis
B. Short Answer Type
1. Define the terms infection, pathogen, incubation period and allergen.
Solution
Infection: The transmission of disease from one person to another is called infection.
Pathogen: Disease-causing micro-organism is called a pathogen.
Incubation period: Incubation period is the period between the entry of germs and the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease.
Allergen: An antigenic substance capable of producing immediate hypersensitivity allergy is called an allergen.
2. What are the different ways in which infectious diseases can spread?
Solution
The different ways in which Infectious diseases can spread are as follows:
- Direct contact: Person to person, animal to person and expected mother to child
- Indirect contact: Doorknob, phone, etc.
- Droplet transmission: Sneezing, coughing, etc.
- Particle transmission: Air particles can transfer infectious diseases
- Bites and Stings: Mosquitoes, lice, ticks, etc.
• Food Contamination: Food, beverages, etc.
3. Name any four non-infectious diseases and their causes.
Solution
|
Non-Infectious Disease |
Cause of the Disease |
|
Asthma |
Allergy |
|
Cataract |
Ageing |
|
Beri-Beri |
Nutritional deficiency |
|
Cancer |
Carcinogens like chemicals, tobacco smoking, pollution etc. |
4. Why is it important to know how the germs leave the body of a patient?
Solution
Solution
It is Important to know how the germs leave the body of a patient as there are some diseases and Infections which are transmitted through air, water or Just by direct contact. Therefore, to take precautions and protect others from further Infections, It is a must to know how the germs leave the body of an infected person.
5. Name the causative germ of AIDS. How is this disease transmitted?
Solution
Causative germ of AIDS: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
Transmission of AIDS:
(a) Sexual intercourse
(b) Mother to child transmission
(c) Contaminated blood transfusions
D. Long Answer Type
1. Write very briefly about the following:
(a) BCG
(b) Incubation period
(c) Chicken pox
(d) Hepatitis A
Solution
(a) BCG: It is a vaccine which is effective against the bacterial disease tuberculosis (TB). It develops immunity to TB. BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin.
(b) Incubation period: It is the period between the entry of germs and the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease. Example: Incubation period of pneumonia is 1-3 days.
(c) Chicken pox: It is a viral disease caused by the Herpes Varicella zoster virus. It spreads rapidly by close contact with an infected person. A live attenuated vaccine containing Varicella is administered to children of 12-18 months for active immunisation.
(d) Hepatitis A: It is a viral disease caused by Hepatitis A virus which results in inflammation of the liver. It has an incubation period of 14-45 days. It is mainly transmitted through contaminated food and water.
2. What are the causes and symptoms of malaria, chicken pox and tuberculosis? How can these diseases be prevented?
Solution
The causes, symptoms and preventive measure of malaria, chicken pox and tuberculosis are:
|
Disease |
Causative agent |
Symptoms |
Prevention |
|
Malaria |
Protozoan, Plasmodium |
Chills, high fever, profuse sweating, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and body pain. |
Destruction of mosquitoes at all stages and avoid mosquito bites by using mosquito nets or repellents. |
|
Chicken pox |
Virus, Varicella zoster |
Highly irritating rashes near the chest and back, gradually spreading to the arms, legs, face and head |
Active immunisation by administering live attenuated vaccine containing Varicella. |
|
Tuberculosis |
Bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Persistent cough, afternoon fever, bloody mucus, loss of weight, fatigue and chest pain |
BCG vaccination and isolation of the patient |