ICSE Solutions for Chapter 1 Introducing Biology Class 9 Biology Selina
Progress Check
1. Name the specific branches of Biology concerned with the study of
(i) Fungi
(ii) Fishes
(iii) Insects
(iv) Transmission of body characteristics from parents to children
Solution
The specific branches of Biology related with the study of the following are:
(i) Fungi – Mycology
(ii) Fishes – Ichthyology
(iii) Insects – Entomology
Transmission of body characteristics from parents to children – Genetics
2. Mention the kind of study made under the following branches of science:
(i) Histology
(ii) Ecology
(iii) Cytology
(iv) Pathology
Solution
Listed below are branches of science dealing with corresponding fields of study:
(i) Histology: It is the study of minute structures of tiny bits at the tissue level of the body as observed under a compound microscope.
(ii) Ecology: It is the study of the relationship of an entity relative to its abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) environment.
(iii) Cytology: It is the study of function and structure of plant and animal cells.
(iv) Pathology: It is the study of plant and animal diseases.
Review Questions
A Multiple Choice Type
Choose the most appropriate option in the following statements.
1. Paleontology is the study of
(i) Embryos (ii) Blood (iii) Classification (iv) Fossils
Solution: (iv) Fossils
It is the study of prehistoric forms of life through fossils of animals and plants.
2. Clones of animals are being produced through the practice of
(i) Genetics (ii) Ecology (iii) Embryology (iv) Biotechnology
Solution: (iv) Biotechnology
This field deals with using cells or microorganisms in technology and industry.
B Very Short Answer Type
1. Name the following branches of biology
(a) Application of biological processes in technologies
(b) Science of growing fruits and vegetables
(c) Study of prehistoric forms of life
(d) Study of causes of immunity (resistance to or defense against diseases)
(e) Study of fishes
Solution
(a) Biotechnology
(b) Horticulture
(c) Paleontology
(d) Immunology
(e) Ichthyology
2. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Bioengineering deals with making artificial ______.
(b) ______ is the entire DNA sequence of an organ.
(c) Silk is produced by rearing ______
(d) Evolution deals with the study of ______ and _____ of organisms.
(e) Organisms which draw food from the host body are called ______
(f) Animals which give birth to young ones are known as ______
(g) _______ is called the Father of Medicine.
Solution
(a) Joints and Limbs
(b) Genome
(c) Silkworm
(d) Descent, origin
(e) Parasites
(f) Viviparous
(g) Hippocrates
3. Match the branches of biology in Column A with the respective areas of study in Column B.
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
Ichthyology |
Viruses |
|
Ornithology |
Fishes |
|
Ecology |
Birds |
|
Virology |
Cells |
|
Herpetology |
Diseases |
|
Paleontology |
Fossils |
|
Cytology |
Snakes |
|
Pathology |
Environment |
Solutions
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
Ichthyology |
Fishes |
|
Ornithology |
Birds |
|
Ecology |
Environment |
|
Virology |
Viruses |
|
Herpetology |
Snakes |
|
Paleontology |
Fossils |
|
Cytology |
Cells |
|
Pathology |
Diseases |
4. Name any two borderline sciences which are connected with Biology.
Solution
Listed below are two sciences interlinked with Biology:
(i) Biotechnology
(ii) Biometrics
5. Name the respective sub-divisions of biology which deal with the study of insects, birds, fungi and heredity.
Solution
Listed below are the branches of biology which deals with the respective fields:
(i) Study of insects – Entomology
(ii) Study of birds – Ornithology
(iii) Study of Fungi – Mycology
(iv) Study of heredity – Genetics
6. Name some professions other than medicine which require a basic knowledge of Biology.
Solution
Medicine is a field of health and healing whereas biology is a natural science that deals with life and living entities.
Name of some professions apart from medicine that necessitate some Biology knowledge:
(i) Lecturers
(ii) Pathologist
(iii) Microbiologist
(iv) Genetic engineer
(v) Biotechnology engineer
C Short Answer Type
1. What is biology? Name and define its three major branches.
Solution
Biology is the study of living beings, all plants and animals including humans. Biology had flourished greatly in ancient India during 2500 B.C. to 650 B.C. The roots of biology can be traced back to pre-historic periods, when primitive man lived in jungles and caves. Biology has slowly grown through the ages, but developed very fast in the 20th century and is showing signs of even faster growth in the 21st century.
Biology can be sub-divided into three major branches:
(i) Botany – Botany is a branch of biology dealing with study of plants
(ii) Zoology – Zoology is a field of biology concerning with animal study
(iii) Human Biology – It deals with humans as a living entity and their relationship with other entities.
2. How does Biology help us in leading a healthier life?
Solution
The knowledge of biology has greatly helped us in the field of human health. It helps us to understand the cause of many diseases. We are able to identify various micro-organisms that cause diseases in man. We can study their mode of living and the different ways in which they spread diseases. The understanding of disease-causing microorganisms has led to the development of new drugs, both natural and synthetic drugs that can kill these organisms.
3. A farmer and a housewife may have never studied biology, yet both of them know some of its general principles through experience. State any two principles which they know.
Solution
Housewives have a good knowledge of grocery – vegetables, millets, grains, fruits etc. They have an idea of the time taken to grow these crops and also about the nutritional benefits of various crops. She can suggest first hand treatment for simple cold, cough and other mild mishaps.
Although a farmer may have never studied the subject biology, he still has knowledge of crop production which is a science in itself. Right from selecting germfree seeds to sow, act of ploughing, crop plantation, using fertilizers, irrigation and its types, crop harvesting, cross-breeding with other plants, weed removal, etc., they have knowledge of basic biological concepts.
4. Distinguish between the following pairs of sciences:
(i) Zoology and Entomology
(ii) Genetics and Eugenics
(iii) Phycology and Mycology
(iv) Space Biology and Exobiology
(v) Biotechnology and Bioinformatics
(vi) Embryology and Immunology
(vi) Ichthyology and Pisciculture
Solution
(i) Differences between Zoology and Entomology
|
Zoology |
Entomology |
|
It is the study of animals |
It is the study of insects |
(ii) Differences between Genetics and Eugenics
|
Genetics |
Eugenics |
|
It is the science of passing body characteristics from parents to their offspring which includes both differences and similarities. |
It is a science aiming at improving human race via controlled heredity. |
(iii) Differences between Phycology and Mycology
|
Phycology |
Mycology |
|
It deals with scientific study of algae |
Deals with the study of fungi |
(iv) Differences between Space Biology and Exobiology
|
Space Biology |
Exobiology |
|
It is a field of study concerning the survival problems of things that are living in outer space. |
Relatively a newer field of science that considers the study of life away in the universe. |
(v) Differences between Biotechnology and Bioinformatics
|
Biotechnology |
Bioinformatics |
|
Usage of microbes or living cells in technology and industry. |
It is the analysis and management of biological data that is assembled in databases. |
(vi) Differences between Embryology and Immunology
|
Embryology |
Immunology |
|
It is a field of biology that deals with the embryo development in animals and plants. |
It is a science dealing with the process and causative of immunity(defend against/resist diseases) |
(vii) Differences between Ichthyology and Pisciculture
|
Ichthyology |
Pisciculture |
|
It is concerned with study of fishes. |
It deals with the technique of growing fishes. |
D. Long Answer Type
1. Do you think Biology can help in further increasing the yield of food? If so, how?
Solution
Yes, Biology can help in further increasing the yield of food. New varieties of plants and new breeds of cattle, poultry, etc. are being developed with the knowledge of biology. The science has also increased our knowledge of diseases of plants and animals, and how to cure them. All these efforts are helping us to produce more food in fields, dairies and poultry farms. Knowledge of science has also increased awareness of various unknown plant and animal diseases, their diagnosis and probable treatment thereby contributing to the wellness of human welfare ultimately.