ICSE Solutions for Chapter 9 Endocrine Glands Class 10 Selina Biology
Exercise
A. Multiple Choice Questions:
Question 1: A gland having endocrine as well as exocrine function is
(a) pituitary
(b) thyroid
(c) pancreas
(d) adrenal
Solution 1: (c) pancreas
Question 2: Exophthalmic goitre is caused due to the over activity of
(a) thymus
(b) thyroid
(c) parathyroid
(d) adrenal cortex.
Solution 2: (b) thyroid
Question 3: The secretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) is inhibited by (a) emotion and stress (b) nicotine (c) alcohol (d) morphine
Solution 3: (c) alcohol
B. Very Short Answer Type
Question 1: Name the following:
(a) The three hormones produced by pancreas
(b) The hormone produced by adrenal medula
(c) The condition caused by the over secretion of insulin
(d) The hormone secreted by B (beta) cells of the islets of Langerhans
(e) The hormone which increases blood pressure
(f) The hormone causing more urine formation
(g) The hormone which stimulates the entire sympathetic nervous system.
Solution 1: (a) Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
(b) Adrenaline
(c) Hypoglycemia
(d) Insulin
(e) Adrenaline
(f) Anti-diuretic hormone (Vasopressin)
(g) Adrenaline
Question 2: What would a child suffer from, if there was hyposecretion from his thyroid?
Solution 2: If there was hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in a child; the child will suffer from cretinism. The symptoms of cretinism are dwarfism, mental retardation, etc.
Question 3: Choose the odd one out from each series
(a) The glands – thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostate
..................
(b) The conditions - cretinism, myxoedema, goiter, scurvy
..................
(c) The hormones – insulin, glucagon, cretinism, thyroxine
..................
(d) The hormonal sources – adrenal cortex, adrenal medualla, cortisone, pituitary.
...................
(b) Scurvy
(c) Cretinism
(d) Cortisone
Question 4: Identify the odd one in each of the following and mention what the rest are:
(a) Larynx; glucagon; testosterone; prolactin.
(b) Adrenaline; penicillin; insulin; thyroxin..........
(c) Stomach ; ileum; liver; adrenaline. ........
(d) TSH; GH; ADH; Insulin........
(e) Iodine, cretinism, goiter, myxedema.......
Solution 4: (a) Larynx
Reason- Larynx is the sound box while the rest three i.e. glucagon; testosterone and prolactin are hormones.
Reason - Penicillin is an antibiotic while adrenaline; insulin; thyroxine are hormones.
Reason - Adrenaline is a hormone while the stomach, ileum and liver are the organs of the digestive system.
Reason- Insulin is secreted by the pancreas while TSH, GH, ADH are the hormones
secreted by the pituitary gland.
Reason- Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroxine hormone. While cretinism, goitre, myxoedema are the deficiencies occur due to the deficiency of thyroxine.
Question 5: Match the items of column I with those of column II Column I
|
Column I |
Column II |
|
1. β(beta) cells of islets of Langerhans |
(a) condition due to undersecretion of thyroxine in adults |
|
2. Thyroid |
(b) Glucocorticoids |
|
3. Cretinism |
(c) Exophthalmic goiter |
|
4. Addison’s disease |
(d) Increases heart beat |
|
5. Hypothyroidism |
(e) Thyroxine |
|
6. Myxoedema |
(f) Adrenal cortex |
|
7. Adrenaline |
(g) Insulin |
|
8. Cortisone |
(h) Under secretion secretion of thyroxine in a child |
|
Column I |
Column II |
|
1. β(beta) cells of islets of Langerhans |
(g) Insulin |
|
2. Thyroid |
(c) Exophthalmic goiter |
|
3. Cretinism |
(h) Under secretion secretion of thyroxine in a child |
|
4. Addison’s disease |
(b) Glucocorticoids |
|
5. Hypothyroidism |
(e) Thyroxine |
|
6. Myxoedema |
(a) condition due to undersecretion of thyroxine in adults |
|
7. Adrenaline |
(d) Increases heart beat |
|
8. Cortisone |
(f) Adrenal cortex |
Question 6: match the conditions in column A with the cause in column B.
|
A (Condition) |
B (Cause) |
|
(a) Dwarfism and mental retardation |
i. shortage of glucose in blood |
|
(b) Diabetes mellitus |
ii. Over secretion of growth hormone |
|
(c) Excess of glucose in blood |
iii. Insulin shock |
|
(d) Gigantism |
iv. Over secretion of thyroxine |
|
(e) Enlargement of breasts in adult males |
v. Hypothyroidism |
|
(f) Exophthalmic goitre |
vi. Over secretion of cortical hormones |
Solution 6:
|
A (Condition) |
B (Cause) |
|
(a) Dwarfism and mental retardation |
v. Hypothyroidism |
|
(b) Diabetes mellitus |
i. shortage of glucose in blood |
|
(c) Excess of glucose in blood |
iii. Insulin shock |
|
(d) Gigantism |
ii. Over secretion of growth hormone |
|
(e) Enlargement of breasts in adult males |
vi. Over secretion of cortical hormones |
|
(f) Exophthalmic goitre |
iv. Over secretion of thyroxine |
C. Short Answer Type:
Question 1: Mention which of the statements are true (T) and which are false (F). Give reason in support of your answer.
(a) Adrenaline is often described as emergency hormone
(b) There are two kinds of diabetes (mild and severe) related with two different hormones.
(c) Simple goiter can be prevented by using iodised salt in food.
(d) Pituitary is popularly called the master gland
(e) Harmones ‘obey the commands like 'enough, slow down or two little, speed up'.
(f) Gigantism and dwarfirm in humans basically depend on the qualtity and quantity of the food eaten during early growing age.
Solution 1: (a) True
Reason- Adrenaline is described as emergency hormone because during any emergency situation more adrenaline is secreted which makes the heart beat faster, increases the breathing, releases more glucose into the blood stream to fulfill the energy requirement.
(b) False
Reason- The two different kinds of diabetes are diabetes insipidus caused due to insufficient secretion of vasopressin and the other is 'diabetes mellitus' caused due to
hyposecretion of insulin but they cannot be described as mild and severe.
(c) True
Reason-Iodine is an active ingredient in the production of the thyroxine hormone.
(d) True
Reason- Pituitary gland controls the functioning of all the other endocrine glands.
(e) True
Reason- Hormones are poured directly into blood the blood stream and control physiological processes by chemical means. Their action depends on the feedback
mechanism.
(f) True
Reason- Gigantism and dwarfism are controlled by the growth hormone from the pituitary gland. Growth hormone is much more active in children for their normal body growth along with which necessary substance required for the synthesis of growth hormone need to be consumed.
Question 2: How do endocrine glands differ from other glands?
Solution 2: Endocrine glands are ductless glands, means they pour their secretion i.e. hormones directly into the blood stream while the other glands are exocrine glands which have ducts. Through ducts they pour their secretions (not hormones) into the blood stream.
Question 3: Mention any two differences between a hormone and an enzyme.
Solution 3: Hormones unlike enzymes are secreted by the endocrine glands only. Also the hormones unlike the enzymes are poured directly into the blood. Hormones can be peptides, steroids, amine but all enzymes are proteins.
Question 4: Do you agree with the statement – “All hormones are chemical signals”? Yes/No. Justify your answer.
Solution 4: Chemically hormones are peptides, amines or steroids. They are involved in regulating. The metabolism of the body. They can bring about specific chemical changes during metabolic process. Therefore hormones can be termed as 'chemical messengers'.
Question 5: Why is iodine as a nutrient, important to our body?
Solution 5: Iodine is an active ingredient in the production of the thyroxine hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine hormone is a very essential hormone for our body. In case of its abnormal secretions a person may suffer certain sever disorders. Therefore, it is an important nutrient for our body.
Question 6: If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience your mouth dries up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?
Solution 6: Adrenaline is the hormone which prepares the body to meet any emergency situation. Adrenaline makes the heart beat faster. At the same time, it stimulates the constriction of the arterioles of the digestive system reducing the blood supply of the digestive system which makes the mouth dry.
Question 7: If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged to some extent. How do you explain this change?
Solution 7: If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged. This is to meet the requirement of hormones produced by the body.
Question 8: Name the two kinds of diabetes? Mention their symptoms and the causes.
Solution 8: 1. Diabetes mellitus:
Cause - under secretion of Insulin hormone Symptoms - excretion of great deal of urine with sugar, Person feels thirsty and loss of weight. In severe cases, the person may lose the eye sight.
Cause - Under secretion of Anti-diuretic hormone Symptoms - frequent urination resulting in loss of water from body and the person feels thirsty.
Question 9: People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goiter. What could be the possible reason for it?
Solution 9: The Himalayan soil is deficient in iodine. Thus, the food grown in such soil also becomes iodine deficient. Due to this reason, when Himalayan people consume iodine deficient food, they do not get the proper intake of iodine. Therefore, people living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goitre.
Question 10: Given below is a table designed to give the names of the glands, the hormones produced, their chief functions, the effects of over secretion and under secretion in respect of thyroid, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the blanks 1-13 Si.
|
Sl. No. |
Source Gland Cells |
Hormone produced |
Chief function |
Effect of over secretion |
Effect of under secretion |
|
1. |
(1) ….. |
Thyroxine |
(2) ….. |
(3) ….. |
(4) ….. |
|
2. |
Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans |
(5) ….. |
Promotes glucose utilization by the body cells |
(6) …… |
(7) …… |
|
3. |
(8) …… |
Growth hormone |
(9) …… |
(10) …… |
Dwarfism |
|
4. |
(11) …… |
Vasopressin |
Increase reabsorption of water from kidney tubule |
(12) …… |
(13) …… |
Solution 10:
|
Sl. No. |
Source Gland Cells |
Hormone produced |
Chief function |
Effect of over secretion |
Effect of under secretion |
|
1. |
Thyroid |
Thyroxine |
Regulates based metabolism |
Exophthalmic goitre |
Simple goiter, cretinism in children and myxedema in adults |
|
2. |
Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans |
Insulin |
Promotes glucose utilization by the body cells |
Hypoglycemia |
Diabetes mellitus |
|
3. |
Anterior pituitary |
Growth hormone |
Promotes growth of the whole body |
Gigantism |
Dwarfism |
|
4. |
Posterior pituitary |
Vasopressin |
Increase reabsorption of water from kidney tubule |
More concentrated and less amount of urine |
Diabetes insipidus |
|
Gland |
Hormone secreted |
Effect on body |
|
1 …… |
2 …… |
Regulates basal metabolism |
|
Pancreas (“beta” cells) |
3 …… |
Controls blood sugar level |
|
4 …… |
5 ……. |
Increase heart beat |
|
6 ……. |
Thyroid stimulating hormone |
7 …… |
Solution 11:
|
Gland |
Hormone secreted |
Effect on body |
|
Thyroid |
Thyroxine |
Regulates basal metabolism |
|
Pancreas (“beta” cells) |
Insulin |
Controls blood sugar level |
|
Adrenal gland |
Adrenaline |
Increase heart beat |
|
Anterior pituitary |
Thyroid stimulating hormone |
Stimulates thyroxine secretion |
Question 12: Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8:
|
Gland |
Secretion |
Effect on body |
|
1 ….. |
Oestrogen |
2 ….. |
|
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans |
3 ….. |
4 …… |
|
5 …… |
6 …… |
Protruding eyes |
|
7 …… |
8 …… |
Gigantism |
Solution 12:
|
Gland |
Secretion |
Effect on body |
|
Ovary |
Oestrogen |
development of secondary sexual characteristics |
|
Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans |
Glucagon |
Raises blood sugar level |
|
Thyroid |
Hypersecretion of thyroxine |
Protruding eyes |
|
Anterior pituitary |
Hypersecretion of Growth hormone |
Gigantism |
D. Long Answer Type
Question 1: Compare the hormonal response with the nervous response with respect to their speed, transmission and the general nature of changes brought about.
|
Hormonal Response |
Nervous Response |
|
Hormonal response is slow. |
Nervous response is immediate. |
|
Hormones are chemical messengers transmitted through blood stream. |
Nerve impulses are transmitted in the form of electro-chemical responses through nerve fibres. |
|
The response brings about a specific chemical changes. Therefore it regulates the metabolism. |
This response does not bring any chemical change during metabolism. |
Solution 2:
|
Action of Hormones |
Action of Nerves |
|
The effect of hormones is wide spread in the body. They can show their effect on more than one target site at a time. |
The nerve response affects only particular glans. |
|
The effect of hormone can be short-lived or long-lasting. |
The effect of nervous response is always short-lived. |
|
Cannot be modified by the previous learning experiences. |
Can be modified by the previous learning experiences. |
E. Structured/Application/Skill Type:
Question 1: Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:
(b) state the main function of (1) glucagon and (2) insulin
(c) Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland?
(d) why is insulin not given orally but in injected into the body:
(e) What is the technical term for the cells of the pancreas that produce endocrine hormones?
(f) where in the body is the pancreas located?
Solution 1:
(a) Glucagon: Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
Insulin: Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
Glucagon: It raises the blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
Question 2: Given alongside is a portion from the human body showing some important structure in ventral (front) view.
(a) Where is this portion located in the body?
(b) Name the structure numbered 1 - 3
(c) state one main function of each of the structure named above.
(d) Is there any duct to carry the secretions from the structure numbered 2? If so, give its name.
Solution 2: (a) This portion is located in the neck region above the sternum.
Thyroid gland produces thyroxine and calcitonin which are essential hormones.
Trachea is the wind pipe that helps in passing air to and from the respiratory system while breathing.
Question 3: Given alongside is an outline diagram of human body showing position of certain organs.
(a) Name the parts numbered 1 to 4
(b) what is common to all these parts in regard to the nature of their functions?
(c) Name the nutrient element which is essential for the normal working of part 2.
Solution 3: (a) 1- Pituitary gland, 2 - thyroid gland, 3 - pancreas, 4 - adrenal glands
Question 4: Given below are two diagram (one is correct the other is some hwat incorrect) showing the transport of a hormone from its source gland/ cell to the target organ/ cell.
(a) which one has the error A or B? .......
(b) what is the error? ..........
Solution 4: (a) A